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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are erythrocytes
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red blood cells
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What are normal values for red blood cells
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female 3.8 to 5.2
male 4.4 to 5.9 |
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What is the normal range for neutraphils
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50-70%
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What is the normal range for bands
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2-6%
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What is the normal range for lymphocytes
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15-40%
800-2600 |
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What is MCH
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mean corpuscular hemaglobin
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What is the normal value for MCH
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>30
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What is MCHC
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mean corpuscular hemaglobin concentration
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What is the normal value for MCHC
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33-38%
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What is an indication of throbocythemia
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elevated platelets
normal fibrinogen normal ESR |
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What is an indication of thrombocytopenia
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decreased platelet count
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What is a clinical indication of polycythemia vera
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elevation in circulating red blood cells mass
hgb > 18.5 in men hgb > 16.5 in women |
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What are some symptoms of polycythemia vera
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cerebral circulation impairment
generalized weakness bleeding GI symptoms pruritis after bathing |
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What are some of the clinical findings in polycythemia vera
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retinal vein engorgement
splenomegaly hepatomegaly gout exacerbation |
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What is the management of polycythemia vera in higher risk patients over 60 yo
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repeated phlebotomy
low dose ASA hydroxyuria |
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What is microcytic anemia
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decreased hemaglobin
decreased hematocrit MCV < 80 |
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What are some common causes of microcytic anemia
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iron deficiency anemia
thalassemia lead poisoning |
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What are some causes of iron deficiency anemia
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poor dietary intake
impaired iron absorption blood loss |
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How much iron is necessary in poor dietary iron absorption
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1.5 to 1.8 mg / day
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What are some clinical presentations of severe anemia
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hgb < 7
pallor pale conjunctiva and nail beds pale mucosa possible bruising atrophic glossitis chelitis koilonychia |
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What labs are diagnostic for microcytic anemia
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serum ferritin
TIBC serum iron transferrin RDW |
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What si the normal value for serum transferrin
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12-15
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What is the normal value for TIBC
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<450
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What is the normal value for serum iron
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>50
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What lab result distinguishes iron deficiency anemia from thalassimia
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RDW
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What does RDW stand for
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Red blood cell distribution width
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What is the normal value for RDW
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11.5 to 14.5
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How is iron deficiency anemia treated
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Iron doses of 150 - 250 mg TID
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What supplement helps with the absorption of oral iron supplements
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Vitamin C
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What are two things that can decrease the absoption of iron
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antacids
colas (due to phosphate) |
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What are some clinical findings in anemia of chronic disease
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hgb 9-11
iron indices reduced serum iron reduced TIBC reduced transferrin saturability low or normal (<16) serum ferritin is up unless associated with iron deficiency anemia |
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What are some methods of management for anemia of chronic disease
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transfusions
erythropoietin iron replacement therapy treatment of underlying conditions |
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What are the main causes of non-megaloblastic anemia
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alcohol abuse
emphasema hypothyroidism bone marrow disorders |
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What is the diagnostic presentation of macrocytic anemia
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MCV >100
large, thin walled RBCs |
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What is pernicious anemia
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lack of production by the gastric parietal cells
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What are some of the signs and symptoms associated with megaloblastic anemias
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5 p's:
pancytopenia peripheral neuropathy posterior spinal column neuropathy pyriamidal tract signs papillary atrophy |
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What are some of the diagnostics for macrocytic anemia
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serum B 12
serum RBC folate schilling test |
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What is the management for pernicious anemia
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Vitamin B12 injections
1000mcg IM Q wk x 6-8 wks then Q month |
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What foods help boost vitamin B 12
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eggs
meats shellfish green leafy vegatables broccoli milk orange juice soy beans chick peas |
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What populations are more at risk for folate deficiency anemia
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elderly
vegans alcoholics pregnant women malignancies |
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What are some lab indications of folate deficiency anemia
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MCV >100
RBC folate decreased <2.7 normal serum B12 |
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What is normal value for serum B12
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205-876
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For macrocytic anemias, when would you initiate folate replacement
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after B12 deficiency has been ruled out
(folate supplements can mask B12 deficiencies) |
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How is folate deficiency anemia treated
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Folic acid 1 mg x 4 to 6 wks or until resolved
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What is the main characteristic fo normocytic anemias
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shortened life span of RBCs < 100 days
involved RBC destruction |
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What are some common causes of normocytic anemias
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leukemia
connective tissue disorders: lupus rheumatoid arthritis Viral infections: CMV, mononeucleosis mycoplasma pneumonia medications: methyldopa, PCN, quinine, INH, Sulfa |
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What are some signs and symptoms of normocytic anemias
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splenomegally
jaundice fever chills |
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What are some of the diagnostic tests for normocytic anemias
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CBC
coombs test reticulocyte count liver function test |
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What is the management for normocytic anemias
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pain management
corticosteroids possible IV IG splenectomy chelation |
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What are some of the complications of sickle cell anemia
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chronic pain
acute pulmonary disease strokes priapism renal disfunction or failure skin ulcerations |
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What are examples of hemolytic anemias
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sickle cell anemia and
glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
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What is aplastic anemia
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a lifethreatening condition from bone marrow stem cell failure
may be immunologic or from exposure to toxic chemicals or medications |
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What information is obtained from red blood cell indicies
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size, shape, color and weight of the red blood cell
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Decreases in serum ferritin are indicators of what
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iron deficiency anemia
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Serum ferritin is an indicator of what
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total body iron store
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What is the only time you may see a decrease in riticulocyte count
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with bone marrow suppression or marrow failure
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Name microcytic anemias
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iron deficiency
thalassemia anemia of chronic disease sideroblastic anemia hemaglobin E disease |
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Name normocytic anemias
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sickle cell disease
anemia of chronic disease aplastic anemia hemolytic anemia |
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Name macrocytic anemias
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megaloblastic anemia
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Name megaloblastic anemias
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folate deficiency
B 12 deficiency Pernicious |
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What is the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease
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hemoglobin deficit occurs when valine resplaces glutamic acid in the beta chain of hgb and deforms the erythrocyte
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What are the main causes of megaloblastic anemia
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B 12 deficiency
pernicious anemia folate deficiency |
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What is the life span of the red blood cell
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aproximately 128 days
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What is a reticulocyte
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an immature red blood cell
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What does and elevated reticulocyte count indicate
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the body is becoming stressed and having to release the cells before they are fully developed
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What is the significance of seeing blast cells
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always a sign of malignancy
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What is normal range for hematocrit
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female 36-44
male 41-50 |
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What is the normal range for white blood cells
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4.5 to 11.00
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What is the normal range for platelets
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150,000 to 400,000
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What is the schilling test
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a urine test that indicates how well the body absorbs vitamin B12
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