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118 Cards in this Set
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BAND/STAB FORM |
Cell without complete formation of nuclear nuclear lobes |
Sausage shaped nucleus |
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HYPERSEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL |
Presence of even a single neutrophil with six or more lobes or the presence of more than 5% of neutrophils with five lobes |
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EOSINOPHILS |
2 nuclear lobes are present giving the nucleus a spectacle shape |
They are slightly larger than segmented neutrophil The cytoplasm has a pale hue and has numerous dense orange red |
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BASOPHILS |
Its granules are rich in histamine, serotonin and heparin |
Has lobulated nucleus, distinguished by their large, coarse, purplish black granules |
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MONOCYTE |
The granules resemble fine dust and give the bluish cytoplasm a ground glass appearance |
The cytoplasm is abundant, is gray or light blue gray and contains numerous vacuoles |
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DOWNEY CELLS / LARGE LYMPHOCYTE |
Have abundant cytoplasm that may be irregular (SCALLOPING/SKIRTING RBC) |
Have slightly larger nuclei with more open chromatin |
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DOHLE BODIES |
Small, round or oval, pale blue grey structure that contains ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum |
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ALDER-REILLY ANOMALY |
This abnormality is commonly seen in mucopolysaccharidoses such as in hurfers and hunters syndrome. Granules are large, discrete, stain deep red and may obscure the nucleus |
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MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY |
Is an autosomal dominant inheritance that is a triad of giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, dohle body |
MYH-9 gene |
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CHEDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME |
Is a rare autosomal recessive disease that have a giant peroxidase positive lysosomal granules in granulocytes |
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PELGER-HUET CELLS/ANOMALY |
Is a benign inherited condition wherein nuetrophil nuclei fail to segment properly. Majority of circulating neutrophils have only two discrete equal sized lobes connected by a thin chromatin bridge |
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PSEUDO-PELGER CELLS |
Is an acquired condition that morphologically similar to pelger huet anomaly |
AKA acquired pelger-huet anomaly |
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HYPOCHROMIA |
Decrease in hemoglobin content of RBC Increase in central pallor (>1/3) Decrease in MCH and MCHC |
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POLYCHROMATOPHILIA |
Blue gray tint of red cells due to the presence of residual RNA in young cells. It is larger than normal and may lack central pallor Implies reticulocytosis |
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MICROCYTES |
Size of RBC is reduced (<80fl). It is seen when hemoglobin synthesis is defective |
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MACROCYTES |
Seen when MCV of RBC is increase (>100fl). It is seen particularly in Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency |
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ELLIPTOCYTES |
Elliptical in shapes. Most abundant in hereditary elliptocytosis |
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SCHISTOCYTES |
These are fragmented erythrocytes; Smaller than normal red cells and of varying shape and is hallmark in the diagnosis of HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA |
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ACANTHOCYTES/SPURR CELLS |
Thorny projections on red cell membrane. Has few, irregular non-uniform spicule |
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ECHINOCYTES/BURR CELLS |
Numerous, short, regular projection and is commonly occur as an artifact during preparation of film |
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LEPTOCYTES |
Thin red cells with large unstained central area. It is also known as pessary cell |
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STOMATOCYTES |
Red cells with central biconcave area appears slit like in dried film |
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SICKLE CELL |
Boat shape or crescent shape. It is present in film of patient with homozygosity for HbS. Usually absent in neonates and rare with patients with high Hb F percentage |
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TEAR DROP CELLS / DACROCYTES |
One side of cell is tapered and the other is blunt |
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BASOPHILIC STIPPLING |
Presence of irregular basophilic granules within RBC which are variable in size Stain deep blue with wright's stain |
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HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES |
Smooth single large round inclusions which are remnant of nuclear chromatin |
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PAPPENHEIMER BODIES |
These are small single or multiple peripherally situated angular basophilic (almost black) erythrocyte inclusions. Composed of hemosiderin |
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HEINZ BODIES |
Seen on supravital stains and represent precipitated normal or unstable hemoglobins |
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CABOT RINGS |
These are ring shaped, figure of eight or loop shaped. |
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ROULEAUX FORMATION |
Alignment of red cells one upon another so that they resemble stock of coins |
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AGGLUTINATION |
It is more irregular and round clumping then linear rouleaux. Cannot distinguish the outlines of individual RBCs. It is seen with cold agglutinins |
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PLATELETS |
Non nucleated derived from cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocyte |
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THROMBOCYTOPENIA (ARTIFACTUAL) |
Platelet clumping caused by anticoagulant-dependent immunoglobulin |
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THROMBOCYTOSIS |
Essential thrombocytopenia |
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P. falciparum |
Infected RBCs are normal size |
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P. vivax |
Infected RBCs are enlarged and deform |
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P. ovale |
Infected RBCs are moderately enlarged fimbriated and oval |
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P. malariae |
Infected RBCs are normal to decreased size. Schizont: 6-12 merozoites |
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ANISOCHROMIA |
Variation in color and hgb content |
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ECHINOCYTE / CRENATED CELLS |
Have evenly distributed unifrom size spicules (blunt but not pinted) or bumps. Considered as artifact |
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ELLIPTOCYTES / OVALOCYTES |
Rod form, sausage form, pencil form and eggshape. Have central pallor however, the hgb is concentrated |
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BURR CELLS |
Uneven spicules and uneven space |
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ACANTHOCYTES |
Pointed spicules or thorn-like projections |
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CODOCYTES / TARGET CELL |
Central area containing hemoglobin surrounded by colorless ring. Bell shaped or Tall hat shaped, mexican hat cell |
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KERATOCYTES |
Damage cells with horn-like projection. Can interchangeably use with bite cells |
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DACROCYTES / TEARDROPS |
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia |
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MICROSPHEROCYTES |
Thermal damage to RBC membrane. Small round fragmented cells |
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BASOPHILIC STIPPLING |
Aggregates of ribosomes. Scattered all throughout the cell. Associated with Lead or arsenic poisoning |
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DOUGHNUT CELLS |
Tiny pits or bubbles inside the red cell due to: there is a water contamination of the wright stain, the smear is not dry before staining/insufficient drying |
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BROKEN CELLS |
Disintegration of the cytoplasmic content of the cell; Fragility of the cell; Lymphocytes that are destroyed during improper preparation of the smear |
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BASKET CELL |
Comes from nuclear remnants or granulocytic cells; Net like strands that is usually a chromatin strand. It is form during blood film preparation |
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NECROTIC CELL |
Degenerating neutrophils with pyknotic nuclei; Prolonged exposure of the sample with the anticoagulant . Seen in old specimen |
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REIDER CELLS |
Appear in mononuclear cells; deep cleft and resemble a clover like due to delayed processing of the specimen |
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TOXIC GRANULATION |
Happens in cases of inflammation or infection and in lead poisoning. Occurs also in normal phenomenon usually in cases of preganancy Caused by alteration in the non-specific granules of the cytoplasm of neutrophils |
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PELGER-HUET ANOMALY |
Peanut shaped nucleus nad occurs in congenital anomaly Hyposegmentation: Decreased lobulation (LEFT SHIFT) |
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LYMPHOCYTE |
Robin egg blue cytoplasm. Increased in atypical lymphocyte |
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HAIRY CELL |
Peanut shell or dumb bell shape Small lymphocytes that have minimal cytoplasmic projections that look like hairs TRAP positive |
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AUER RODS |
Rod like bodies seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia. They are linear projections
AKA Auer bodies |
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FAGGOT CELL |
Myeloid cell that containes Auer rods Bundle of sticks |
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Acute Blood Loss Hemolytic Anemia Aplastic Anemia |
Associated conditions in the presence of normocytic, normochromic RBC |
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Iron Deficiency Anemia Thalassemia Anemia of Chronic Inflammation Sideroblastic Anemia (occasional) |
Conditions associated with the presence of microcytic, hypochromic RBC |
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Megaloblastic Anemia Myledysplastic Syndrome Mycoplasma pnemuniae infection Chronic Liver Disease Bone marrow failure Reticulocytosis Sideroblastic Anemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of Macrocytic RBC |
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Multiple Myeloma Macroglobulinenemia Hyperproteinemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of rouleaux formation |
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Cold Agglutinin Disease Primary Atypical Pneumonia |
Conditions associated with the presence of agglutination |
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Mcleoid Phenotype Alcoholic Cirrhosis PK Deficiency Abetalipoproteinemia Neuroacanthocytes Severe Liver Disease |
Conditions associated with the presence of Acanthocytes/Spurr Cells |
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Acanthocytes |
Its presence is due to increase sphingomyelin over than lecithin |
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Oval macrocytes/Megalocytes/Macroovalocytes |
Its presence is due to nuclear maturation defect |
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Oval Macrocytes |
Oval or egg like apperance |
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Megaloblastic anemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of oval macrocytes |
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Echinocytes |
Also known as crenated or sea urchin |
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Echinocytes |
Its crenation is due to osmotic imbalance |
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Drying (Increased pH) Stored blood (Decreased ATP) |
Reasons for the presence of echinocytes (just an artifact) |
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Burr cells |
An RBC with irregular sized and uneven spaced spicules |
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Burr cell |
Its presence is due to increased BUN and increased Burr cells |
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Renal Insufficinecy Uremia |
Conditions associated with the presence of Burr Cell |
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Hemoglobinopathies Obstructive Liver Disease Thalassemia IDA Post-splenectomy |
Conditions associated with the presence of Codocytes/Target cells |
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Codocyte/Target Cell |
Also known as Mexican Hat |
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Codocyte/Target Cell |
Its presence in the blood film is due to increased cholesterol and phospholipid |
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Leptocyte |
It resembles codocyte but not detached from outer membrane |
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Leptocyte |
Also known as "Pessary Cell" |
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Leptocytes |
RBC which thinner than normal with colorless center and increased surface area |
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Thalassemia Hemiglobinopathies Cirrhosis Steatorrhea Sideroblastic Anemia Bile Duct Obstruction |
Conditions associated with the presence of Leptocytes |
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Spherocytes |
RBC with a ball or biconcave shape |
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Spherocytes |
Its presence in the blood film is due to a decreased spectrin |
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Hereditary Spherocytosis (DAT +) Immune Hemolytic Anemia (DAT -) Prolonged blood storage Extensive Burns |
Conditions associated with the presence of spherocytes |
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Spherocyte |
Also known as Bronze Cell |
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Stomatocyte |
Mouth shaped central pallor |
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Stomatocytes |
Bowl shaped cells |
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Stomatocytes |
Its presence in the blood film is due to cationic imbalance: Increased permeability to sodium |
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Hereditary stomatocytosis Alcoholism Artifact Cirrhosis Obstructive Liver Disease RH null disease |
Conditions associated with the presence of stomatocytes |
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Elliptocytes |
Cigar shaped RBC |
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Eliptocytes |
Hb appears to be concentrated at the two ends of the cell |
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Elliptocytes |
Its presence in the blood is due to the presence of decreased protein band 4.1 (defect in cytoskeleton) |
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Hereditary elliptocytosis IDA Megaloblastic anemia Myelopthisic Anemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of Elliptocytes |
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Ovalocytes |
Egg-shaped RBC that is wider than elliptocytes |
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Ovalocytes |
Its presence in the blood film is due to decreased cholesterol |
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Megaloblastic anemia Myelopthisic anemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of ovalocytes |
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Pencil or Oat cell |
It is a thinner variant of elliptocytes |
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IDA |
Conditions associated with the presence of pencil or oat cell |
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Schistocyte |
Fragmented RBC due to membrane damage |
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Schistocyte |
It is associated with the presence of deposited fibrin strand (MAHA) |
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Schistocyte |
Also known as "Fragmentocyte" |
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Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA) Traumatic Hemolytic Anemia Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Extensive Burns Diffuse Intravascular Coagulation |
Conditions associated with the presence of schistocytes |
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Blister cell or pre-keratocyte |
RBC with vacuole-like area |
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Keratocyte/ Helmet cell |
Helmet shaped RBC |
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Keratocytes |
RBC with a horn-like projections |
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Knizocyte |
Resembkes a pinched bottle |
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Knizocytes |
Triangular RBC with 2 pallor areas |
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Dacrocyte / Tear Drop Cell |
Pear shaped cell |
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Dacrocyte |
Squeezing / fragmentation during splenic passage |
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Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia Myelopthisic anemia B-thalassemia Pernicious Anemia |
Conditions associated with the presence of Dacrocyte |
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Microshperocytes / Pyropoikilocytes |
Its appearance in the blood film is due to thermal damage to the cell membrane |
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Microshperocyes / Pyropoikilocytes |
It fragments at 45-46 Degree Celcius instead of 49 |
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Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis Severe Burns |
Conditions associated with the presence of microshperocytes / pyropoikilocytes |
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Semilunar bodies |
Large, pale pink staining ghost of the RBC |
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Semilunar Bodies |
Also known as Crescent shaped or half moon shaped RBC |
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Semilunar Bodies |
Red cell membrane remaining after the contents have been released |
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Malaria Overt hemolysis |
Conditions associated with the presence of Semilunar Bodies |
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