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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a group of organs that produce an release chemical substances
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Endocrine Glands
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the chemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands
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Hormones
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a small gland a the base of the brain
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Pituitary Glands
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regulates body temperature, use of water, and blood pressure
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Hypothalamus
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located above the kidneys, produce hormones affecting kidney function, metabolism, and response to stress
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Adrenal Glands
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a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is released in response to fear or stress; it causes heartbeat, blood pressure, and breathing rate to increase
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Adrenaline
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located at the front of the neck that regulate the rate of metabolism and help to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood
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Thyroid Glands
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four tiny endocrine glands attached to the back of the thyroid gland that regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body
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Parathyroid Glands
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a large gland located behind that stomach that is part of two systems, As an endocrine gland, it secretes hormones that control blood-sugar levels and as a digestive organ it secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine
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Pancreas
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a condition in which the body produces too much insulin, resulting in low blood sugar
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Hypoglycemia
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an endocrine gland located in the upper chest that helps to develop the body’s defense against infection
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Thymus
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two female reproductive glands located one on each side of the body a few inches below the waist
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Ovaries
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two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
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Testes
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a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that acts in females to stimulate the estrogen production and the maturation of egg cells, and in males to stimulate sperm production
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
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a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that acts in females to stimulate ovulation and progesterone production and in males to stimulate sperm and testosterone production
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Luteinizing Hormone
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a hormone produced by the testes that affects the production of sperm, the development of male secondary sex characteristics, and the sex drive
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Testosterone
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male sex cells
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Sperm
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a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and helps to maintain the uterus during pregnancy
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Progesterone
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a hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics and controls the sex drive
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Estrogen
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female sex cells; AKA eggs
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Ova
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a period of sexual development during which males and females become sexually mature and able to produce children
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Puberty
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the joining of the sperm cell with an egg cell
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Fertilization
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the external sac of kin in which the testes are located
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Scrotum
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a J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis in which sperm are stored for two to four days after they are formed
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Epididymis
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external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body
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Penis
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the tip of the penis
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Glans
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a surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed from the penis
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Circumcision
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one of two tubes tat carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
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Vas Deferens
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the tube that passes from the bladder to the outside of the body, through which urine and, in males, semen, travel
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Urethra
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in males, a pair of glands located near the bladder that provide 60 percent of the fluid to semen
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Seminal Vesicles
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in males, a pair of glands located at the base of the penis that provide 5 percent of the fluid to semen
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Cowper’s Glands
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in males, a gland located near the bladder that provides 35 percent of the fluid to semen
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Prostate Gland
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a liquid that contains sperm as well as fluids provided by the seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands, and prostate gland
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Semen
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the ejection of semen from the penis
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Ejaculation
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erection and ejaculation during sleep
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Nocturnal Emission
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when a person is unable to reproduce
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Sterility
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a condition in which one of the testes does not descend into the scrotum at birth
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Undescended Testes
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occurs when part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum through a weak spot in the wall near the scrotum
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Inguinal Hernia
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the release of one or more eggs from an ovary
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Ovulation
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small tubes that carry the released eggs from the ovaries
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Fallopian Tubes
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a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries and behind the urinary bladder
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Uterus
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narrow base of the uterus that expands for birth
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Cervix
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birth canal that is a hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body
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Vagina
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the process during which an egg matures and is released and the uterus prepares to receive it
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Menstrual Cycle
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the lining of the uterus
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Endometrium
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the discharge of blood and tissue
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Menstruation
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PMS- discomfort experienced before the menstrual period that is marked by nervous tension, mood swings, headaches, bloating, and is believed to be caused by a dramatic change in hormone levels
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Premenstrual Syndrome
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period of life in which the ovaries slow down their hormone production and no longer release mature eggs
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Menopause
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a vaginal infection or irritation with symptoms such as a thick discharge, odors, vaginal itching, and a burning sensation during urination
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Vaginitis
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a condition in which tissue from the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, in the pelvic cavity
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Endometriosis
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a bacterial infection characterized by sudden high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness, occurring chiefly among women who use tampons
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
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a medical procedure in which a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer
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Pap Test
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an X-ray of the breast that detects breast cancer
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Mammogram
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the passing on of biological characteristics from parent to child
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Heredity
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tiny structures found within almost every cell that carry information about the characteristics you will inherit.
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Chromosomes
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DNA- chemical substance that makes up chromosomes
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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a section of a chromosome that determines a singe trait
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Gene
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an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
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Genetic Disorder
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a genetic blood disorder that occurs most often among people of African descent and is characterized by red blood cells with an abnormal sickle shape
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Sickle-Cell Disease
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characterized by the lack of an important chemical in the brain
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Tay-Sachs Disease
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a rare metabolic disorder that can cause severe mental retardation in infants
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Phenylketonuria
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a recessive disorder that occurs mainly among people of Caucasian descent in which the lungs and pancreas secrete abnormally thick mucus
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Cystic Fibrosis
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the gene for the disorder is found on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome
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Sex-Linked Disorders
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a condition in which the person lacks a protein needed for muscle function
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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person’s blood does not clot properly
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Hemophilia
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a disorder that is the result of an extra chromosome (21)
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Down Syndrome
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