Health Exam 2 (S.g. 1) Cancer

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CANCER

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The second most common cause of death in the United States.

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560,000

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How many people die from cancer every year?

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CANCER

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The name given to a large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells.

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TUMOR

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A mass of cells serving no physiological function and can multiply without normal controls over cellular growth and division.

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BENIGN

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Noncancerous tumors that are generally harmless unless their growth obstructs or crowds out normal tissue.

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MALIGNANT

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Cancerous tumors whose mutant programming allows them to grow rapidly and invade surrounding tissue, disrupting their normal function.

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BIOPSY

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A surgical retrieval of cells, followed by microscopic or biochemical examination of their characteristics; determines whether tumor is benign or malignant.

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CARCINOGEN

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A cancer-causing agent that damages a normal cell and reprograms the genetic information. (UV rats and tar in cigarettes)

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METASTASIS

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Process by which cancer spreads from one area to different areas of the body.

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ANGIOGENESIS

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Process in which malignant cells give off growth factors that induce new blood capillaries to grow toward the tumor; these supply the tumor's cell with oxygen and materials and carry off cellular waste

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CARCINOMAS

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Solid tumors that occur in epithelial tissues , tissues covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities (skin, breast, lung, mouth)

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SARCOMAS

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Solid tumors that occur in middle layers of tissue - for example, in bones, muscles, and connective tissues; less common that carcinomas.

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LYMPHOMAS

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Tumors that develop in lymph nodes, lymph vessels, or related infection-fighting regions of the body.

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ONCOLOGIST

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A doctor who specializes in cancer detection and treatment.

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LEUKEMIAS

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Nonsolid cancers characterized by an increased number of white blood cells in blood-forming parts of the body (bone marrow, spleen)

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SMOKING

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What accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths and 87% of all lung cancer deaths.

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Know the most frequently diagnosed in males.

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1. Prostate,
2. Lung
3. Colon

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The most frequently diagnosed in females.

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1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colon

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The top cancer killers of males

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1. Lung
2, Prostate
3. Colon

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The top cancer killers of females

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1. Lung
2. Breast
3. Colon

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Symptoms for Lung Cancer

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-A cough that won't go away.
-Chest pain, especially during deep breaths
-Wheezing or shortness of breath
-Coughing up bloody phlegm
-Fatigue

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Screening for Lung Cancer

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spiral CT, cough up phlegm for a sputum test, chest X-ray, biopsy (small sample of the suspicious mass is removed, usually with a needle, for examination under a microscope)

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Risk factor for Lung Cancer

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Smoking...

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Breast Cancer Symptoms

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-A painless lump in the breast
-Changes in breast size or shape
-Swelling in the armpit
-Nipple changes or discharge

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Signs of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

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Breast skin may become thick, red, and may look pitted -- like an orange peel. The area may also feel warm or tender and have small bumps that look like a rash.

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Early detection

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mammograms, self-exams, breast ultrasound, MRI

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Symptoms Prostate Cancer

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-Frequent urination, especially at night
-Difficulty starting or stopping urination
-Weak or interrupted urinary stream
-Painful or burning sensation during urination or ejaculation
-Blood in urine or semen

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prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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prostate can grow larger as men age, sometimes pressing on the bladder or urethra and causing symptoms similar to prostate cancer

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Risk Factors for Prostate Canccer

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Growing older
Family history
African-Americans
Diet

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Early Detection for Prostate Cancer

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Screening tests
-a digital rectal exam (DRE) to feel for bumps or hard spots on the prostate.
-a blood test can be used to measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

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Early Detection for Prostate Cancer

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biopsy

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Risk Factors colon cancer

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Age -- most patients are older than 50
Polyps or inflammatory bowel disease
Family history of colorectal cancer
History of ovarian or breast cancer

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Risk Factors colon cancer

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Diet high in red or processed meats, or meats cooked at high temperatures
Being overweight (excess fat around the waist)
Exercising too little
Smoking or drinking alcohol

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symptoms colon cancer

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There are usually no early warning signs for colorectal cancer.

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colon cancer screening

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screenings are the key to early detection. Beginning at age 50, most people should have a colonoscopy every 10 years. biopsy

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TESTICULAR CANCER

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Tends to be diagnosed in younger men 20-34.

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Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

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pain often develops in the upper abdomen; aundice, nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, and depression

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Risk factors for Pancreatic Cancer

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smoking; Diabetes ; chronic pancreatitis; cirrhosis of the liver; family history of pancreatic cancer, high fat diet, obesity, and lack of exercise can also play a part.

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early detection screening for Pancreatic Cancer

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CT scan;

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Risk factors for Cervical Cancer

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early age at first intercourse; multiple sexual partners; smoking, herpes, and HPV

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Pap Smear

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A procedure in which cells taken from the cervical region are examined for abnormal cellular activity.

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1 in 6

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How many men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime.

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Symptoms of cervical cancer

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bleeding outside menstruation cycle or after menopause vaginal discharge.