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167 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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Drums
-metal, fiberboard or plastic

-other than compressed gases and etiologial agents, drums may contain any type of hazardous materials including powers, liquids, pastes, and slurries.
Types of drums
-open head: full head or cover that can be completely removed.

-tight head: two openings a 2" standard pipe and a 0.75" standard pipe/
Pails
-Made of metal, fiberboard, or plastic and usually hold one to five gallons of material.

-Used for flammable or combustible liquids and soliuds, oxidizers, organic peroxides, or poisions.
Bags
-May contain dry corrosives, blasting agents, explosives, flammable solids, oxidizers, organic peroxides, poisions, or ORM's.

-Typically holds 100 pounds of product.
Boxes
-Usually used as cases for smaller, inner containers. Wooden boxes may be used for every class of hazardous materials except compressed gases and poisons.
Carboys
-Used almost exclusively for hazardous materials.

-Usually made of plastic or glass and encased in specially cushioned boxes made of either wood or cardboard.

-Use primarily for corrosives (liquids).

-Typically holds 13 gallons, but can carry as much as 20 gallons or more.
Cylinders
-Contain compressed gases, flammable or combustible liquids, poisons, radioactive materials, or corrosives.

-Short, broad cylinders are generally used for low pressure materials whereas tall, thin cylinders are usually used for high pressure materials.

-A DOT specification marking near the top of the cylinder shows DOT specification, pressure rating, and test date.
Type A Radioactive Packaging
Low level radioactive materials.

Consists of an inner package cushioned and placed within a stronger outer package.
Type B Radioactive Packaging
Higher level radioactive materials that require more secure packaging.

These are often large cylindrical steel container lined with lead or paraffin. My abe up to 10 feet in diameter and 50 feet long.
MC 306/DOT 406

Non-Pressure Cargo Tank PSI
3-4 psig
MC 307/DOT 407

Low-Pressure Cargo Tank
25-35 psig, some as high as 150 psig
MC 331

Pressure Cargo Tank PSI
100-500 psig, most are 350-265 psig
Non-pressure cargo tanks:

MC 306/DOT 406
Designed primarily to carry petroleum products such as gasoline and fuel oil, however they may also be used to transport alcohol.

These cargo tanks which haul from 1500-12000 gallons of product, class B poisons, and liquid food products, make up 57% of the total fleet.
Low-pressure cargo tanks:

MC 307/DOT 407
The tanks primarily made of aluminum, mild steel, or stainless steel.

The diameter of the tank may appear to taper down from the front to the back, helping to distinguish this tank from others.

This type of tank can carry from 5000-8000 gallons.

These tanks are used to transport flammable and combusible liquids, mild corrosives, poisons, and almost all other liquid chemicals.
Corrosive liquid cargo tank:

MC 312/DOT 412
Working pressure of 14-50 psig, normally 35 psig and a capacity of 3000-7000 gallons.

Transports corrosives, such as sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
Pressure intermodal:

IMO Type 5
Pressure of 100-500 psi.

Contents: Liquefied gases-liquefied by pressure application alone.

LPG and anhydrous ammonia
Non pressure intermodal:

IM 101 or IMO Type 1
Pressure usually 25.4 to 100 psi

Contains: solvents, corrosives, and fertiizers
Non pressure intermodal:

IM 102 or IMO Type 2
Pressure usually 14.5 to 25.4 psi

Contains: solvents, corrosives, and fertiizers
Cryogenic Intermodal:

IMO Type T
Tank within a tank design, area between tanks under a vacuum for best insulation.

Pressure normal 23.5 psi and up.

Cryogenic, at least -130 degrees F.

Contains gases that cannot be liquefied by pressure application alone, they must be supercooled such as liquid argon, liquid nitrogen, and liquid oxygen.
Computer-Aides Management of Emergency Operations:

CAMEO
Its main focus is its chemical database and its ability to model airborne releases.
ALOHA
ALOHA software is designed to calculate and display air dispersion models. It predicts how a given airborne HazMat cloud will spread, based on input from you about weather conditions and size of spill, together with information in its database about how the identified substance will act under your input conditions.
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances:

RTECS
Database of toxicity information and was maintained by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health until 2001 as a freely availabl publication. It is not maintained by the private company Esevier MDL and is available only for a fee or by subscription.
Chemical Hazard Response Information System:

CHRIS
Developed by the U.S. Coast Guard. Use this database to obtain data necessary to handle chemical spills involving navigable waterways.
Crack
A narrow split or break in the container metal that can go all the way through the metal of the the container.
Score
A reduction in the thickness of the container shell made by a blunt object.
Gouge
Reduction in the thickness of the container by a sharp, chisel-like object. Complete removal of the container metal or weld along the track of contact.
Dent
Deformation of the container metal. Dents are usually caused by a blunt object. They are typically more round than long in shape. There may also be cracking around the edges of the dent.
Fire Protection Systems
Apply fire extinguishing agents such as water, Class B Foam, or dry chemical agents directly onto the hazard. Fire Protection systems can also cool support structures and nearby containers.
Monitoring and detection systems
Provide early notification of potential problems and allow facility personnel or responders to initiate control actions early, before the incident gets worse.
Product spillage controls
Inpoundment or diking which contains the release to a specific area and prevents a material from mixing with other products.
Tank spacing
NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, specifies the distance between the different types of tanks. These distances help to reduce the potential for a fire spreading to the adjacent tank or structures such as in the event of a crude oil boilover.
Tank venting and flaring systems
Allow a controlled release of the excess vapor pressure in containers; this lessens the chance of a tank breach or failure.
Transfer operations
In some instances, product may be transferred from an involved or damaged container to a second container. These actions may reduce the potential risks to surrounding containers, as well as reduce the chance of complete tank failure.
HazMat Officer
Responsible for the management and coordination of the HazMat bracnh including: development or tactical options based on the IC's strategic goals, site safety planning, and implementation, site control and monitoring, research, entry, or recon.
Site access control leader
Controls and documents the movement of all personnel and equipment through appropriate routes between hazard control zones.
Assistance HazMat Safety Officer
Works with both the Incident Safety Officer and HazMat officer and is knowledgeable in the operations being conducted, responsible for identification and evaluation of hazards, able to provide direction with respect to the safety of operations in the hot zone.
The information/reseach unit or leader
Develops, documents, and coodinates information during the incident. Duties include but are not limited to: gathering technical information, interpreting monitoring information and/or analyzing HazMat samples, classifying and identifying information, evaluating evacuation considerations, and projecting the potential release of hazardous materials.
HazMat Resource Function
Should be located in the cold zone and is responsible for acquiring equipment and supplies neded, keeps track of available personnel and equipment, and works closely with the Logistics officer.
Planning Section
Considered the "information" section and is responsible for collecting , evaluating, and disseminating incident information, maintainign information on both the current and forecasted situation, the status of resources, and the preparation and documentation of health and safety, industrial hygiene, environmental, and process engineering information.
Logistics Section
Provides all incident support needs, including facilities, services, and materials.
Admin/Finance Section
Responsible for all costs and financial actions of the incident. This section obtains funds as needed, ensures that simple financial control are in place and keep tracks of expenditures.
Grounding
Linking of one or more conducitve objects to the ground by an earthing electrode or grounding rod. Grounding lessens the possible differences in charge between the objects and the ground.
Bonding
The linking of two or more conductive objects by way of a conductor. Bonding keeps objects at the same elctrical potential, decreasing or eliminating any chance of a static spark.
SCBA: Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
Advantage: Provides the highest level of respiratory protection available. In addition, the SCBA can be used in oxygen deficient atmospheres, and it allows for good mobility.

Limitation: Limited air supply from 30-60 mins. In addition, SCBA is heavy and presents a large profile. This can cause additional strain on responders and can make it difficult for responders to move in confined spaces.
SAR: Supplied Air Respirator
They are lighter than SCBA, and can provide an unlimited supply of air. Airlines cannot be used in an IDLH atmosphere unless a secondary air supply, such as an escape cylinder of SCBA, is provided.

The escape cylinder is designed to provide approximately 5-15 minutes of reserve air.
Suit degradation
Reduced effectiveness due to physical damage to the materials or chemical breakdown of the protective surfaces and fabric.
Physical degradation
The fabric can become physically damages. It can rip, tear, or come in contact with abrasive surfaces.
Chemical Degradation
Chemical degradation is the molecular change to the suit material as a result of contact with a chemical. Chemical degradation may cause the suit material to shrink or swell or become brittle or sift. These also may be a slight discoloration, a rough or gummy surface, or cracks in the material. Chemical degradation almost always results in reduced chemical resistance.
Penetration
Some hazardous materials can find their way through openings in your clothing.
Permeation
When chemicals are absorbed into the clothing’s fabric.
Absorption
Chemical absorbs through the outer surface of the material.
Diffusion
Chemical diffuses through the materials.
Desorption
Chemical moves through the inner surface onto the skin.
Resistance to vapors (3 hour exposure)
NFPA 1991, Standard of Vapor Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, requires manufacturers of vapor protective and liquid-tight suits to document a garments resistance to permeation for 3 hours exposure to a standardized list of chemicals. This standard is the most demanding of the NFPA standards on CPC. NFPA 1991 exceeds EPA Level A requirements described in 29 CFR 1910.120; it includes specification for chemical barrier, flammability, durability, and cold-temperatures stiffness. It is not useable in fire fighting situations.
Resistance to liquid splash (1 hour exposure)
NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies, requires manufacturers of liquid splash garments to document a garments permeation resistance for 1 hour exposure to a standardized list of chemicals. It does not cover protection against chemical vapors or gases. It is not useable in fire fighting situations.
Air cooled jackets and suits
Consist of small air lines attached to either vests, jackets, or CPC to provide convective cooling of the use by blowing cool air over the body inside the suit. The use of a vortex cooler or refrigeration coils and a heat exchanger may enhance cooling. These require an air line and large quantities of breathing air. They are not as effective as active and passing cooling units in controlling body core temperature.
Water cooled vests and suits
Consist of a heat transfer garment and a cooling unit. The cooling unit normally consists of a battery or power source, a pump, and an ice/water or cooling agent container. Essentially, the cooling agent is circulated throughout the garment and operates on the principle of conductive heat transfer. Most effective method for controlling body core temperature.
Ice cooled vests
work by using frozen ice packs inserted into a vest. They are better than both air cooled units and water cooled jackets. People also feel better in them. Limitations of ice cooled vests are that they require frozen coolant packs or an ice source at the scene of the emergency and they may add bulk under the CPC.
Phase change vests
Consist of fireproof vests with inserts made of phase change material (PCM). PCM is a gel which becomes semi-solid when cooled in ice water or a refrigerator, then returns to a liquid state when worn, maintaining a constant temperature of 59 degrees F for several hours.
Tactical Objective: Change applied stress
Move stressor

Move stressed system

Shield stressed system
Tactical Objective: change breach size
Chill contents

Limit stress levels

Activate venting devices

Perform mechanical repair
Tactical Objective: change quantity released
Change container position

Minimize pressure differential

Cap off breach (patching and plugging)

Remove contents
Tactical Objective: Change size of danger zone
Barriers (dikes and dams)
Adsorbents
Absorbents
Diluents
Reactants
Neutralization
Overpack
Tactical Objective: Change exposures contacted
Provide sheltering
Begin evacuation
Use protective equipment
Tactical Objective: Change Severity of harm
Rinse of contaminant

Increase distance from source

Provide shielding

Provide prompt medical attention
Adsorption
Primarily used for land-based liquid spills. Common adsorbents include clay, diatomaceous earth, and activated charcoal.

The process of absorption causes heat and in the presence of certain materials there may be spontaneous ignition.
Disinfection/sterilization:
The process used to kill virtually all recognized types of pathogenic microorganisms. Proper disinfection results in a reduction of viable organisms to an acceptable level. It does not produce a 100% kill of the specific type of microorganism you are trying to remove.

Sterilization is the process of destroying all microorganisms in or on an object. The most common methods of sterilization use steam, concentrated chemical agents, or ultraviolet light radiation. Although sterilization cannot be used to decon personnel, it does play an important role in deconing medical equipment.
Absorption
The process of using materials to hold liquids. With absorption, a spilled liquid contaminant is soaked up using a solid substance, called a sorbent. Absorbent materials should be inert.
Dilution
The process of using water or other solutes to reduce the concentration of a liquid or solid contaminant. Water is the most commonly used dilution solute.
Disposal
Physical decon procedure in which you remove the contaminated item and isolate it from uncontaminated objects. Contaminated articles are tagged, bagged, and either buried in a HazMat landfill or burned in an incinerator. Disposal is often used to get rid of contaminated permeable materials such as ropes, hoses, wood-handled tools, and protective clothing.
Evaporation
Some hazardous materials can be left alone to evaporate, particularly if the vapor does not present a hazard. Evaporation might work for a small spill involving high vapor pressure liquids, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
Neutralization
The process by which a hazardous chemical is altered so that it is less harmful. It is the decon method of choice when dealing with acids or bases. The goal for responders is to bring the pH of a corrosive material towards neutral in order to render the material less harmful. For example, the addition of soda ash to a hydrochloric acid solution can increase the acids pH making it less harmful
Open top floating roof tank
The advantage of open top floating roof tanks over cone roof tanks is the elimination of the vapor space between the liquid and the roof. One distinguishing characteristic of the open top floating roof tank is the wind girder around the top of the tank shell. The wind girder acts as a stiffener and gives support to the tank when the roof is in a lowered position.
Cone roof tank
they get their name because of the shape of their roof, which is typically flat or cone-shaped. The slope of the roof will depend on the size and diameter of the tank. Cone-roofed tanks have a vapor space between the liquid and the underside of the roof. If this space is in the explosive range at the time an ignition source is introduced, an explosion will occur. Because of the presence of the vapor space, cone roof tanks are commonly used for storing combustible liquids. Typical ignition sources include: lightning, static electricity, and improper use of cutting and welding equipment. Cone roof tanks constructed to API 650 specification will have a 3/8 inch weld seam connecting the roof to the shell. The roof to shell seam is designed to fail or separate in case of a fire or explosion to keep the container from rocketing.
Covered floating roof tank
this type of tank is essentially a cone roof tank with an internal floating roof. Large exterior vents at the top of the tank shell distinguish these tanks from others. If designed to API 650, the covered roof tank will have a week roof-to-shell seam. These tanks also have pipe legs that pass through the floating roof and act as stops for the floating roof when it is resting on the bottom of the tank.
Ionic compounds
result from ionic bonding. This type of bonding is a chemical bond in which atoms of different elements transfer or exchange electrons to form positive and negative ions
Covalent compounds
result from covalent bonding. In this type of bonding, electrons may be shared by identical or different elements to form molecules of elements or compounds.
Saturated hydrocarbons
are hydrocarbons that have atoms that are linked by single covalent bongs with a maximum number of hydrogen atoms
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
include alkenes and alkynes and have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms somewhere in the molecule. The physical properties are the same as those of saturated hydrocarbons except that they are generally more chemically active than saturated hydrocarbons and are therefore considered more hazardous. The physical state of unsaturated hydrocarbons depends on the molecular mass.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
contain the benzene ring that is formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds. Aromatic hydrocarbons get their name from their intense smell. Aromatic hydrocarbons burn with a yellow sooty flame because of their low carbon-hydrogen ration.
Mixture
substance made up of two or more compounds that are physically mixed together but do not lose their individual identities. A mixture may also contain elements and compounds mixed together.
Solution
a mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved. It is an uniform mixture of molecules, atoms, or ions of two or more different substances.
Slurry
pourable mixture of a solid and liquid. It is similar to a solution but has a more course or solid texture
Critical temperature
minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied. The critical pressure is the pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to its liquid state.
Sludge
solid, semi-solid, or liquid waste product. Sludge is the residue often found at the bottom of tanks or drums
Specific gravity
ratio of the weight of a solid or liquids volume compared to the weight of an equal volume of water. If a material has a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and does not dissolve in water it will sink. If the specific gravity is less than 1.0 the substance will float on water.
Sublimation
process by which a substance passes directly from the solid state to a vapor state without passing through the liquid state i.e. mothballs.
Viscosity
measure of the thickness of a liquid that quantifies how easily the liquid flows.
Vapor density
relative density of a vapor compared to air.
Boiling point
the temperature at which the transition from liquid to gaseous state occurs. At this temperature, the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure, so that the liquid rapidly becomes a vapor.
Melting point
the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.
Miscibility
the capability of two or more liquids to form an uniform blend or dissolve in each other.
Expansion ratio
the amount of vapor produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature.
Vapor pressure
the pressure exerted on the inside of a close container by the vapor in the space above the liquid in the container. This pressure is temperature dependent; as the temperature increases, so does the vapor pressure.
Flash point
the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors that will ignite and flash over but will not continue to burn without additional heat.
Fire point
the temperature at which a material produces sufficient vapors that, once ignited by an outside ignition source, will continue to burn.
Volatility
measures how easily a liquid or solid can pass into a vapor state. Volatile substances are often flammable. Materials with a higher volatility evaporate faster than those that are less volatile. You can get a measure of a substances volatility by checking its vapor pressure. The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile it is.
Ignition or auto-ignition temperature
the minimum temperature to which a material must be heated without an outside ignition source in order for sustained combustion to take place. It is also a measure of how hot a potential ignition source must be.
Flammable or explosive range
the percentage of gas or vapor in air that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present. Limiting concentrations are commonly called the lower flammable explosive limit or (LEL) and the upper flammable explosive limit (UEL).
LD50
Lethal Dose for 50% of the animals being tested under specific conditions.
LC50
Lethal Concentrations of a substance that will kill 50% of the population
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
Refers to the airborned concentration of substances to which most workers can be repeatedly exposed over a working lifetime without adverse effects.
PEL: Permissible Exposure Limit
Average airborne concentration of a potentially toxic substance to which an employee may be exposure for an eight hour period.

8 hours/day up to 40 hours a week. Set by OSHA.
TLV/STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
The gas concentration most workers can be continously exposured to for a 15 minute time period without suffering adverse health affects.

Thislimit should not be repeated more than 4 times per day and there should be at least 60 minutes between individual STEL exposure periods.
IDLH
30 minutes. Determined by NIOSH-for escape only.
REL-TWA
up to 10 hours/day during 40 hours/week. Determined by NIOSH.
TLV-TWA: Time Weighted Average
The average amount of gas that a worker can be repeatedly exposed to in a normal 8 hour a day/40 hour week, without adverse health effects.
TLV-C: Ceiling
The highest gas concentration to which workers may be exposured. Ceiling TLVs should never be exceeded and they take precendence over all TWAs and STELs.
Oxygen deficient atmosphere
An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen by volume.
Lethal Dose
INGESTED, ABSORBED, or INJECTED
Lethal Concentration
INHALED
Equipment to measure corrosivity/ph
Ph monitor and ph paper
Equipment to measure flammability
Combustibility gas meter
Oxidation potential
O2 sensor
Detect toxic levels
PID/FID
Carbon monoxide meters
Detects CO but nothing else
Colorimetric tubes
Positive identification but product specific and has shelf life.
Passive dosimeters
Product specific but must be sent off to lab.
Photoionization detectors
Needs no air, tells you somthing is there but wont tell you what it is.
Flammability
The action level for a flammability hazard is 10% of the lower explosive limit. LEL
Oxygen
The IDLH action level for an oxygen enriched atmosphere is 23.5% oxygen volume in air or higher.

In confined spaces, flammable gases often displace the normal atmosphere, causing low O2 readings.

Abnormal oxygen readings may explain inaccuracies in flammability readings.
Ph meter and Ph paper
As a corrosive materials, sodium hydroxide can be detected with a ph meter or ph paper. Because it is a granular solidm youll need to dissolve a small sample of sodium hydroxide in distilled water in a beaker.
Flammabilty hazard
When youre not dealing with a confined space, most responders measure for flammability first because of the flash fire danger.

Both flammability and oxygen levels are measured simultaneously with combination CGI/02 meters.
Sampling dry piles of solids
Use a plastic or stainless steel scoop or cup, lab spoon, or plastic spoon attached to the end of a sample pole to collect samples of dry piles from a safe distance.
Drum sampling
To collect a cross section of a drums contents, insert a glass tube into the drum and then remove it.
Puddles
A small plastic/glass cup or a turker baster can be used to collect a sample from a puddle.
Sumps and wells
Use disposable polypropylene bailers to retrieve samples from groundwater monitoring wells or other static water sources. Use a suspension cord to lower the bailer into the water.
Deep holes
To collect a sample from a deep hole, lower a glass or plastic bottle on a string into the hole.
Heavier than water unknowns
To collect an unknown that is heavier than water, lower a bomb sampler/weighted bottle sampler into the water. Oper then sampler when it enters the layer to be samples.
Slicks on top of water
To collect s ample from a slick on top of water, attach a piece of loosely woven fiberglass cloth to a string. Then float the fiberglass on top of the water, where the floating materials will collect on the cloth.
Vapor samples
To collect a sample from a vapor cloud, use a gas sample bag that can be either filled by a pump or function on the principle of negative pressure.
When dealing with a confined space, OSHA mandated that the atmosphere be tested for...
Oxygen first, flammability, and then toxicity.
When using and interpreting monitoring equipment, always...
Perform calibration checks to ensure instruments are working properly.

Document all findings.

Follow the proper chain of custody.
Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure
Identify the symptoms and target organ effects that victims and responders may suffer when exposured to that substance.
Photoionization detector
Metal Oxide Sensor
Electrochemical cells
Flame Ionization Detector
Surface Acoustical Wave
Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Colorimetric Tubes
Detects organic gas and inorganic gas
Combusitble Gas Indicator
Detects Organic gas only
Gas chromatograph/Mass Spectrometry
Detects Organic liquid and gas and inrognaic liquid and gas.
Raman Spectrometer
FT Infrared Spectrometer
Detects organix solids. liquids, and gases and inorganic solids, liquids and gases.
Reference Manuals
-Physicians Desk Reference
-Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens
-A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances
-Hazardous Chemical Desk Reference
-Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
-Pattys Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Websites and Technical Information Centers
CHEMTREC

Poison Control Centers

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Operations Section of the IMS
Performs all "tactical" operations, including:

-fire
-HazMat
-rescue
-emergency medical
-air operations

Personnel in this section may include the Hazmat team, staffed with Techncian-level responders.
Hazmat officer
Responsible for the management and coordination of the operations of the Hazmat branch, including:

-Development of tactical options based on the ICs strategic goals
-Site safety planning and implementation
-Site control and monitoring
-Research
-Entry or recon
-Decon

Reports to the Operations Section Chief. If an Operations Section is not established, the Hazmat officer will report to the Incident Commander.
Planning Section
Considered the information sections, is responsible for:

-collecting, evaluating, and disseminating incident information
-maintaining information on both the current and forecasted situation, the status of resources, and the preparation and documentation of incident action plans.
Chlorine Emergency Kit A
100 lb and150 lb chlorine cylinders
Chlorine Emerency Kit B
Chlorine ton containers
Chlorine Emergency Kit C
Chlorine tank cars and tank trucks
Respiratory protection is designed to protect you from:
Oxygen deficiency

Elevated temperatures

Products of combustion

Exposure to toxic vapors or gases.
Factors that affect the selection of appropriate respiratory protection include:
Product

Environment

Response objectives
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Components
Harness assembly

Cylinder

Facepiece including exhalation valve

Regulator
Supplied Air Respirator Components
Facepiece

Regulator

Air Line

Air Supply

Escape cylinder
Air Line
High pressure air line delivers breathable air from the source to the regulator.
Air supply
Breathing air is supplied from a compressor or from a series of compressed air cylinders.
Facepiece
The full facepiece assembly delivers breathing air and protects the facial area, especially the eyes from contact with toxic vapors.
Air line respirator hose length
300 feet
Air purifying respirator components
Facepiece

Filter/sorbent cartridge
APR Filter/Sorbent Cartridge
Particulates and contaminants are removed as they pass through the filter cartridge/canister.

The cartridge/canister can contain a filter or sorbent material. Filters are used to remove or separate airborne solid particles from the air mechanically.
When deciding whether to use an APR, evaluate the following factors:
Whether the atmosphere contains sufficient oxygen and is not IDLH.

The identity and nature of the contaminants present in the air.

The quantity of particles in the air.

The nature of the work environment.

The appllication and limitations of available filters and sorbents.
Powered air purifying respirators (PAPR)
Operate similarly to APRs in that they utilize filtration canisters to filter the air of contaminants.

Can be worn in an oxygen deficient atmosphere and must only be worn in stmospheres in which the hazard has been identified and the concentrations are within allowable limits.
Air supply duration is influenced by the:
Physical condition of the responder

Emotional stability of the user

Level of SCBA training and experience

Degree of physical exertion required for the incident

Condition of the respiratory equipment

Cylinder pressure before use
Physical condition of the responder
The physical condition of the responder will affect the amount of oxygen required to perfom physically difficult tasks. Less fit responders will require more oxygen, reducing the overall duration of a given air supply.
Physical decon
Physical methods of decon separate the hazardous substance from the contaminated surface.

A common method of physical decon is by scrubbing and/or washing thoroughly.

Easier than chemical decon, though it may not remove all the contaminants.

After physical decon, any remaining contaimants and/or equipment must still be disposed of properly.
Absorption
Process of using materials to hold liquids.


With absorption, a pilled liquid is soaked up using a solid surface, called a sorbent. Absorbent materials should be inert.

Advantages: Many commercial absorbents are readily available.

Limitations: usually work best on flat surfaces. Once used, absorbents must be disposed of properly since they will take on the properties of the Hazmat absorbed.
Vacuuming
The process of sucking up spilled substances, both liquid and solid into containers.

Limitation: Special equipment may be required to vacuum certain Hazmats. If the special equipment is not used, hazardous airborne dust could be created.
Chemical degradation
The process of altering the chemical structure of the hazardous material.

Example: A beach contaminated by oil may be cleaned through the natural action of waves.
Some of the sources of help when it comes wo which decon method to use are:
CHEMTREC

MSDS

Product manufacturer

National Response Center

Poison Control Centers

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease REGISTRY.
Responders performing technical decon should wear PPE that is --------- from the responders they are deconing.
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