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177 Cards in this Set

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Materials that can react or ignite if they are exposed to air and the potential for container failure due to over-pressurization exists
Air reactivity
Produce disease and are living microorganisms that can mutate and become more deadly
Biological agents and toxins
Temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gas state occurs,
Boiling Point
Used to control the rate of a chemical reaction by speeding up or slowing down
Catalyst
Caused when two or more chemicals, or the chemical and its container are incompatible
Chemical Interactions
Caused by both elements and compounds to make new substances with their own physical and chemical properties
Chemical Reaction
Describes a substances propensity to release energy or undergo change
Chemical reactivity
Separate elements that bond together to form compound mixture
Compound Mixture
The amount of acid or base is compared to the amount of water present
Concentration
indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the material being tested
Corrosivity
Relates to the process of liquefying gases and is the minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied
Critical temperature and pressure
The concentration or amount of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period
Dose
The radiation dose delivered per unit of time (e.g., mrem / hour)
Dose rate
Heat Absorbing / Heat producing
Endothermic / Exothermic
The amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature
Expansion ratio
The difference between the upper and lower flammable limits
Flammable range (LEL & UEL)
The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning
Fire point
The minimum temperature at which material will ignite but not continue to burn
Flash point
They are often more toxic than naturally occurring organic chemicals. Decompose into smaller more harmful elements at high temps long periods of time
Halogenated hydrocarbon
The minimum temperature to which a material must be raised before it will ignite
ignition (autoignition) temperature
Added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products
Inhibitor
Materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and are generally considered unstable
Instability
Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons
Ionic and covalent compounds
They cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitate a victim
irritants (riot control agents)
The maximum temperature that an organic peroxide may be stores safely
Maximum safe storage temperature (MSST)
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid allowing it to spread more readily / The temperature at which a liquid converts to solid
Melting point/Freezing point
Miscibility
Refers to the tendency or ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend or dissolve into each other (koolaid)
Substances that interfere with the central nervous system
Nerve Agents
Derived from materials that are living or were once living
organic compounds
Lacks carbon chains, but may contain a carbon atom.
Inorganic
The combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yield oxygen which will present a greater hazard
oxidation potential
The numerical measure of a solutions hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity
pH
The characteristic form of a material at ambient temperature
Physical state
Having a pair of equal and opposite charges
Polar
Chemical reaction in which small molecules combine to form larger molecules (Shaving Cream, Silly string)
Polymerization
The ability of a material to emit radioactive energy
Radioactivity
Materials in which the carbon atoms are linked by only single covalent bonds
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Materials that contain the benzene ring, which is formed by 6 carbon atoms and contains double double bonds
Aromatic hydrocarbons
When this temperature is reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide, irreversible decomposition will begin
Self-accelerating decomposition temperature
Pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid
Slurry
Mixture in which all the ingredients are completely dissolved
Solution
The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water
Specific gravity
The ability of a substance to change from a solid to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase
Sublimation
Influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident that involves that product
Temperature of product
Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do;
Toxic products of combustion
Weight of a vapor compared to air
Vapor density
The force exerted on the inside of a closed container by the vapor in the space above the liquid in the container
Vapor pressure
These agents are extremely toxic, with the symptoms of exposure on appearing for minutes, hours, to days
Vesicants (blister agents)
Measure of the thickness of a liquid
Viscosity
Ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into a vapor state
Volatility
Describes the sensitivity of a material to water without the addition of heat or confinement
Water reactivity
The ability of a substance to form a solution with water that can be important in determining control methods
Water solubility
Instrument readings used to determine the degree of hazard and values used to establish exposure limits
Parts per million/billion (ppm/ppb)
causes the death of 50 percent of a group of test animals exposed to it by any route other than inhalation
Lethal dose (LD50)
The amount of a material in the air that, that caused the death of 50 percent of test animals by inhalation
Lethal concentrations (LC50)
An OSHA term for the maximum concentration averaged over 8 hours per day of 95 percent healthy adults for 40 hours per week
Permissible exposure limit (PEL)
An American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) term for maximum concentration, averaged of 8 hours/day 40 hours/week
Threshold limit value time-wighted average (TLV-TWA)
This is the maximum average concentration, averaged over a 15-minute period to which a healthy adult can safely be exposed (15 minutes 1 hour/in between)
Threshold limit value short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL)
This is the maximum concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury, and the exposure to higher concentrations should not occur
Threshold limit ceiling (TLV-C)
This is the maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects
Immediately dangerous to life and health value (IDLH)
The radiation absorbed dose equals the energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material (an erg is a unit of work energy)
RAD
Roentgen equivalent man
Rem
international unit of intensity of X rays or gamma rays. Used to measure the amount of radiation produced
Roentgen (one roentgen equals 1000 Milliroentgens)
Positively charged radiation particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is not considered dangerous unless ingested
Alpha particles
Type of radiation that can damage skin tissue, and they can damage internal organs if they enter the body
Beta Particles
Type of radiation particle that may cause skin burns and can severely injure internal organs, Can penetrate nearly any material
Gamma particles
Disintegrations of radiation per second (measure of radiation)
Activity
represents the amount of energy deposited per unit mass of absorbing material
Absorbed dose
Measure of the rate of decay of radioactive material
Half-life
the effect from a localized source spreads uniformly throughout the surrounding space. such as the light from a match, radiation from a piece of uranium, and the sound of a cricket
Inverse square law
Methods of protecting oneself from harmful exposure to radiation
Time, Distance, Shielding
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car. 2.2
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Nonpressure Tank Car. 3,4,5,6,8, and 9
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Pneumatically Unloaded Covered Hopper Car. 4,8,6,8, and 9
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Pressure Tank Car. 2.1,2.2,2.3, and 3
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Non Pressure Intermodal
3,6,and 8
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Pressure Intermodal
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Intermodal Tube Containers
2
Identify car by type and at least one hazard class
Cryogenic Intermodal
2.2
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer
5.1, and 9
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Non-Pressure liquid Cargo Tank
3.1, and 3.2
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Low Pressure Liquid Cargo Tank
3.1, 3.2
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Corrosive liquid Cargo Tank
Class 8
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
2.2
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Compressed Gas Tube Trailer
Class 2
Identify Trailer by type and at least one hazard class
Pressurized Cargo Tank
Class 2
Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
Non Pressure Facility Tank
Class 3, and 8
Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
Floating Roof facility tank
Class 3, and 8
Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
Spheroid Facility Tank
class 2
What percentage of a facility tank has to be underground for it to be considered an underground tank?
10 % of the tank
Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
Pressure vessel Facility tank
Class 2
Identify Tank by type and at least one hazard class
Cryogenic Facility Tank
Class 2
Identify container by type and at least one hazard class
Ton Container
class 2
Identify by type and at least one hazard class
Pipeline
2,3,6,8, and 9
Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
Bag
1,4,6,8, and 9
Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
Carboy
6, 8
Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
Cylinder
Class 2
Identify non bulk container by type and at least one hazard class
Cryogenic Cylinder
Class 2
Identify non bulk container by type
Drums
What type of radio active packaging would this fall under?
Type A, Cardboard boxes wooden crates, cylinders often with inner containment vessel
What type of Radiological Packaging is this
Type B radiological Packaging. Steel, concrete, and lead pipes. Size ranges from small and can weigh up to 100 tons
What type of Radiological Packaging is this
Type B radiological Packaging. Steel, concrete, and lead pipes. Size ranges from small and can weigh up to 100 tons
Colormetric tubes, M18A2 Chemical Detection Kit, ICAM, M8/M9 Paper, Enzyme Tickets (256 Kit) Infrared Specrometry (ACADA, ICAM), PID's can all be used to detect what
Nerve, and Blister Agents
Hand Held Assays, and Infrared Spectrometry (only in presence) can be used to detect what type of agent
Biological agents and toxins
Riot Control Agents can be detected using what?
Colormetric tubes, Ion-Mobility Spectrometry, Can not be detected with air monitoring devices
For determining UNKNOWNS what is the order in which you should monitor materials
Radioactivity, Combustibility, Oxygen availability, pH, if liquid, Hydrogen sulfide,
Carbon Monoxide, Organic vapors
RCOPHCO (Rachel Came Over & Pulled Her Coat Off / Really Cool Officers Probably Hate Chemical Officers)
What are some pros/cons Carbon Monoxide Meters
PRO: Measures the concentration of Carbon Monoxide.
CON: Only Measures Carbon Monoxide
Pros/Cons of Colormetric tubes
Pro: Detects specific gases and vapors
Con: You have to know what material you are looking for, does not give specific quantities
Pros/Cons of Combustible gas indicators
Pro: Measures the concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in the atmosphere
Con: Does not work in Oxygen Deficient environments
Pros/Cons of Oxygen Meters
Pro: allows user to know if Oxygen in atmosphere is Enriched or Deficient, Measures percentage of oxygen
Con: Must be calibrated prior to use.
The electrical circuit in a combustible gas meter is known as what?
a Wheatstone Bridge
Important for test purposes
What are Passive dosimeters used for
Used to monitor for the threshold level value/time weighted average, (TLV/TWA)and the threshold level value/short term exposure limit (TLV/STEL)
What is the Multirae and what is it used to detect?
Multirae is used to detect certain toxic chemicals, oxygen levels, Lower explosive Limit. STEL, and the Volatility of a material
Pros/Cons of the MultiRAE
Detects Organic, and some Inorganic vapors, Determines the presence of flammable vapors in the air,
Con: Requires warm-up period, may be affected by power lines
What do pH indicators, or meters identify.
pH stands for Potential for Hydrogen. pH meters and paper, measure level of Acid or Base substances
What do pH indicators, or meters identify.
pH stands for Potential for Hydrogen. pH meters and paper, measure level of Acid or Base substances
Pros/Cons of Radiological Detectors
Pros: Used to monitor Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Neutron Particles
Con: No response does not mean area is safe.
What are Reagents
A substance or solution combined with a material causing a chemical reaction
Used in detection devices such as Colormetric Tubes to bring out a chemical change
What are the three levels of Radioactive material found on DOT placards
Radioactive I - Low
Radioactive II - Medium
Radioactive III - High
What does "Activity" Mean on a Radioactive Placard?
1. Rate of disintegration or decay
2. Listed in Bq, Ci, or in SI units
3. Not amount of contents but amount of radioactivity
The box at the bottom of a radiological placard is where you find the Transportation Index. What is it?
Transport Index ranges from 1-10 based on maximum radiation in mrem/hhour at 1 meter from package measures degree of safety and hazard
How many personnel must be on a sampling team?
two personnel preferably 3
What must a HazMat Team do prior to leaving to take a sample?
Make sure that all items are prepared, Have a back up sample team ready in the same level of PPE as sampling team.
True of False Sample must be Decontaminated when finished with mission.
True, Very important to Decontaminate sample bags
What is an SOP/LERP
SOP stands for Standard Operating Procedure/ LERP stands for Local Emergency Response Plan
What are sample numbers?
Sample numbers are identification numbers used for taking sample. Sample numbers should be placed on primary sample container, exterior sample container, bag, and on the Change of custody form.
Is a chain of custody form necessary during the sample process.
a chain of custody form must be kept during the sample process, This is a legal document.
What is the minimum information on the Chain of Custody Form
1.Date, Time, Location of Sample
2. Identification of Sampler
3. Physical Description of sample
4. Sample number
Sample Numbers are consecutive
What are some examples of Chain of Custody forms
Department of Defense (DD) form 1911
Department of the Army (DA) 4137
Centers for Disease Control Chain of custody form
What happens if a sample is transfered to another person or entity
It must be documented on the Chain of custody form, and supervised by others
What is Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO)
System of software applications used to plan and respond to chemical emergencies
Developed by EPA's Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO)
What is the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR)
Scientific and administrative database, provides access of info on hazardous substances from Superfund sites
Created by Area Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA)
What is the Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS)
Program developed by the Coast Guard deals with Aquatic incidents reactivity on approximately 1200 chemicals
Useful for initial response, evacuation procedures, and PPE
What is MEDITEXT Medical Management
Contains information to assist in evaluating and treating acute exposures to INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Treatment for chemical release exposure's, updated regularly by Experts, hygienists, physicians, and safety professionals
What is HAZARDTEXT Hazard Management
Provides info needed for response to Spills, Leaks, Fires, or explosions of Hazardous Materials
What is the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Provided by the National Library of Medicine. Addresses the impact of more than 4000 substances on health and environment
ANIMAL STUDIES
What is the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
Provides EPA health risk assessment info. Used to determine safe levels of human and environment exposure to chemicals
more than 450 Chemicals
What is the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
Offers toxicity of more than 135000 substances a world wide database offers specifics on health effects
Why are Maps Diagrams helpful at an incident
It helps those not familiar with incident location to prepare for incident.
Disadvantage may be that Maps may be out of date
What is a rapid vaporization
A release of Cryogenic Liquid above -130 Degrees
What is the temperature that a Cryogenic Liquid is happy
Below -150 Degrees
What is the expansion ratio for cryogenic liquids
1 to 560 - 1445 The higher the expansion ration the more gass produced and the larger the danger area becomes
What are Hepatoxins?
Chemicals that produce liver damage
What are Nephrotoxins?
Chemicals that produce kidney damage
What are Neurotoxins?
Chemicals that produce there primary toxic effects on the nervous system
Carbon Monoxide, and Benzene do what to the body
Decrease hemoglobin in th eblood of function; deprive hematological body tissues of oxygen
What happens when a chemical may cause pulmonary problems
the agent attacks the lungs
What do reproductive toxins target
The reproductive organs
What do Cutaneous Hazards affect
The skin
What are some methods for determining the pressure in bulk packaging of facility containers?
Gauging lines, fittings, Temperature of contents.
May be inaccurate could take up to 6 hours to change temp readings
Determine the amount of product in a damaged bulk package
Shipping Documents, Gauging devices, frostline. Look whats on the ground compared to number on shipping documents
A plug like device, used to separate contents of pipeline, clean pipelines and inspect pipelines is called what
A PIG
Types of damages to containers and tank cares are classified as
Damaged no release
Undamaged no release
Damaged release
Undamaged release
a narrow split or break in the container metal, that can penetrate through metal is classified as what?
A crack.
Should not be moved until offloaded
Considered Criticl
a reduction in the thickness of the container shell MADE BY A BLUNT OBJECT
A Score
Should not be moved until offloaded
considered critical
A reduction in the thickness of the container shell made by a SHARP, CHISEL-LIKE OBJECT
A Gouge
Should not be moved until offloaded
Considered Critical
A deformation of the container metal caused by impact with a BLUNT OBJECT
A Dent
Should not be moved until offloaded
Considered Critical
What is the Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions
Contains information mixing of chemicals on 160 different chemicals
What organization is responsible for the Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions
NFPA 491M
What is the Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards
Provides reactive hazardson every reactive hazard that has been documented has over 5000 elements
What organization is responsible for Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards
Bretherick
What is the Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference
has 5000 chemicals deemed important and potentially hazardous. for chemical reactions Based on OSHA standard and Cancer research center
What Organization is responsible for the Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference
Lewis
What is the proper Tank Spacing for a Floating Roof, Fixed , or horizontal tank
Not over 150 feet in diameter, shall be 1/6th the sum of the adjacent tanks diameter but no less than 3 feet apart
what do tank venting and flaring systems do
Minimize the threat of a rupture
What are some local recourses for dispersion pattern predictions
Weather service, Computer Models, Industrial facilities, call colleges and universities, county, state, or federal agencies, HD, EPA, Coast Guard
Steps for determining the extent of the physical safety and health hazards within the endangered area
First, Determine concentration
Second, determine acceptable exposure limits
How do you determine the potential outcomes within the endangered area and to improve the situation
Know the product, the container, the environment and know if it is a spill, leak or fire
What are the LEL evacuation limits determined by EPA
Less than 10%LEL - Continue working 10% - 25% LEL - Continue working with continuous monitoring greater than 25% withdraw
What are the three response objectives
Offensive, Defensive, and non-intervention.
Based on estimated outcomes, stage of the incident, Consider how to stop the even from occurring an to stop future events
How do you Change Applied Stress?
1. Move Stressor
2. Move Stressed System
3. Shield Stressed System
How do you change the Breach size?
1. Chill Contents
2. Limit Stress Levels
3. Activate Venting System
4. Mechanical Repair
How do you change quantity of of hazard released
1. Change container position
2. Minimize pressure differential
3. Cap off breach
4. Remove contents
How do you change the size of the danger zone?
Barriers, Adsobents (Add to), Absorbents (Soak up), Dilution (add water), Reactants (Foam), Overpack
How to change exposures contacted
1. Provide Shielding
2. Begin evacuation
3. Personal Protective Equipment
How to change the severity of harm
1. Rinse off contamination
2. Increase distance from source
3. Provide shielding
4. Provide Prompt medical