H Bio, Ch #13

Front 1

Patterns of Inheritance

Back 1

Patterns that of how certain genes are passed from one generation to the next

Hint 1

1. The 3:1 ratio of smooth and wrinkled peas

2. Comparing my features to those of my grandparents you might be able to see some patterns of inheritance

Front 2

Allele

Back 2

Different forms of genes that lead to slightly different characteristics

Hint 2

2. All people have the chromosomes, but different alleles

Front 3

Homologous Chromosome

Back 3

Two chromosomes of a pair that code for the same genes

Hint 3

2. Homologous chromosomes line up together in meiosis

Front 4

Dominant

Back 4

Traits that are always expressed in an individual if they are present

Hint 4

1. The trait for yellow embryos in peas

2. If a dominant and recessive trait are given to an individual the dominant one will be expressed

Front 5

Recessive

Back 5

Traits that are expressed if there are no dominant traits

Hint 5

1. The trait for green embryos in peas

2. A person needs to have two repressive traits in order for the trait to be expressed

Front 6

Principle of Segregation

Back 6

Principle that states each gamete only receives one allele for a trait

Hint 6

1. A gamete for an egg embryo receiving a constricted pod trait

2. Mendel might not have developed his principle of segregation if he'd tested snapdragons

Front 7

Gene

Back 7

A segment of DNA that codes for a particular product

Hint 7

1. Gene for Zellweger Syndrome

2. The products genes code for are proteins that serve a particular function in the cell

Front 8

Genotype

Back 8

Genetic makeup

Hint 8

2. Genotypes consist of the dominant or recessive form of the alleles recieved

Front 9

Phenotype

Back 9

How the genotype of each individual is expressed

Hint 9

1. A person whose genotype codes for brown hair with a widows peak

2. Phenotypes are only used to describe observable characteristics

Front 10

Homozygous

Back 10

Genotypes where the alleles are the same

Hint 10

2. If an has a recessive trait that means its genotype is homozygous

Front 11

Heterozygous

Back 11

Genotypes with different alleles

Hint 11

2. Organisms in the F1 generation have heterozygous genotypes

Front 12

Principle of Independent Assortment

Back 12

Principle that states alleles divide among gametes independently of different alleles

Hint 12

1. An allele for a constricted pod an an allele for a wrinkled seed dividing among gametes independently

2. Genes of the same chromosome may be a slight exception to the principle of independent assortment

Front 13

Incomplete Dominance

Back 13

Traits that when expressed are a mixture of the two alleles received from parents

Hint 13

1. A pink snapdragon offspring from red and white snapdragon parents

2. Incomplete dominance provided evidence for the blended theory of inheritance

Front 14

Codominance

Back 14

Traits that equally express both alleles received from each parent

Hint 14

1. An AB blood type

2. Codominant phenotypes express all of both genes as opposed to some of each

Front 15

Multiple Alleles

Back 15

Genes that have more than 2 alleles they can code for

Hint 15

1. Genes for blood type

2. Since some genes have multiple alleles the variety of characteristics and organism might have grows even more

Front 16

Polygenic Inheritance

Back 16

Inheritance of characteristics controlled by multiple alleles

Hint 16

2. The more genes you have with multiple alleles the greater your polygenic inheritance

Front 17

Linked Genes

Back 17

Genes found on the same chromosome

Hint 17

1. The glucokinase and hepatic growth factor genes

2. Alleles of linked genes often are exchanged between homologous chromosomes in crossing over

Front 18

X-Linked Genes

Back 18

Genes that are only found on the X chromosome

Hint 18

2. Even if X linked genes are recessive they are still always expressed on males

Front 19

Nondisjunction

Back 19

When homologous chromosomes stay together in meiosis instead of going o separate gametes

Hint 19

1. When a gamete has 3 chromosomes

2. Nondisjunction can create XXY cells

Front 20

Multifactorial/Quantatitative Traits

Back 20

Traits that are affected by multiple genes and environmental factors

Hint 20

1. Eye color

2. Because most traits are mutlifactoral/quantatitive traits they cannot be studied by just examining the genome