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64 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Atom
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The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
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Ex: hydrogen The atom hydrogen, has 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutrons.
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Molecule
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The smallest unit of a compound; composed of atoms covalently bonded together
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Ex: water Molecules are made up of two or more elements.
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Element
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A substance composed of atoms that are chemically identical. Found on the periodic table.
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Ex: Boron Boron is an element on the periodic table.
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Proton
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A partial with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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Ex: positive Chlorine has 7 protons
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Hydrogen bond
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Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms and oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atoms. Holds the strands of DNA in their double helix
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Ex: chloroform Chloroform is a hydrogen bond between a carbon molecule and a hydrogen molecule.
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pH scale
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A scale from 0-14 testing the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. Number less than 7 is acidic and greater than is basic
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Ex: black coffee-4 acidic. Black coffee is a 4 on the pH scale.
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Acid
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pH scale less than 7, more dissolved hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
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Ex: battery acid Battery acid is a 0 on the pH scale, very acidic.
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Base
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pH greater than 7, reflecting more dissolved hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
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Ex: sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide is very basic, it is a 14 on the pH scale
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Organic compounds
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Carbon atoms bond with hydrogen and usually oxygen
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Ex: acetamide Acetamide has carbon and hydrogen molecules, just what organic compounds are made of.
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Macromolecules
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Large complex molecules
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Ex: backbone of large complex molecules. Macromolecules are just big molecules.
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Carbohydrates
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Organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 2:1 ratio
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Ex: sugar All known types of living cells contain carbohydrates.
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Lipids
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Long term storage of energy and carbon. Do not dissolve in water because they are nonpolar. It is a nutrient and not a polymer
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Ex: fats and oils Lipids are not a fixed ratio.
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Proteins
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Most structural materials and enzymes in a cell are proteins. Composed of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids.
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Ex: skin, hair Proteins (enzymes) most important role is to assist in many reactions occurring in cells.
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Nucleic acids
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Macromolecules that dictate the sequence of amino acids, source of genetic information in chromosomes.
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Ex: DNA Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
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Electron
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A negatively charged particle that is on the outer shell of the nucleus
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Ex: Hydrogen has 1 electron
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Monosaccharides
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Single sugar, simplest carbohydrates
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Ex: glucose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides.
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Fatty acids and glycerol
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Building blocks of lipids, make up simple fats most common in our diet
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Ex: fat in steak Fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of lipids.
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Amino acids
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Small molecules that contain hydrogen , oxygen , carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms that make proteins
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Ex: alanine Alanine is an amino acid that makes up a protein.
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Nucleotides
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Small units of Nucleic acids, connected to form long chains
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Ex: DNA Nucleotides are building blocks of Nucleic acids.
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Disaccharide
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Two simple sugar molecules
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Ex: sucrose(table sugar) If you have two monosaccharides, it makes one disaccharide.
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Polysaccharides
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Several glucose molecules that bond
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Ex: starch Many monosaccharides makes polysaccharides.
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Polypeptide
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Long chain of amino acids
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Ex: glucagon A polypeptide forms a protein the length or the chain determines what kind of protein.
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Peptide bond
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Covalent bonds formed between two amino acids
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Ex: polypeptide A polypeptide is is a long chain of peptide bonds.
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DNA
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Contains deoxyribose, hereditary material of most organisms, four nitrogen-containing bases
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Ex: double helix DNA is the biological information of a person.
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Gene
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Physical unit of hereditary, specifications that goes from one generation to the next. A segment of DNA
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Ex: DNA Genes are something you get passed down from your parents.
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Neutron
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A particle that has no charge(neutral) that is in the nucleus
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Ex: no charge Hydrogen has 0 neutrons.
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Ion
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An atom or molecule that has gained or loss electrons giving it a positive or negative charge
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Ex: aluminum An ammonium ion is formed together with amine.
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Isotope
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An atom that has the same properties as the elemental form of the substance but has more or less neutrons
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Ex: Carbon Isotopes of hydrogen, having one extra neutron.
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Ionic bond
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Bond between a negatively charged atom and positively charged atom
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Ex: NaCl Sodium chloride is an ionic bond.
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Covalent bond
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A chemical bond between two atoms sharing electrons
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Ex: carbon dioxide Carbon and oxygen share electrons to make a covalent bond.
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Polar covalent bond
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The shared electrons spend a greater amount of time closer to the oxygen nucleus than the hydrogen nucleus
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Ex: H2O When electrons are unequally shared they make a polar covalent bond.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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Law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed
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Ex: ice cube that melts into a liquid then heated to a gas. Oxidation is an example of the Law of Conservation of Matter
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Activation energy
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Amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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Ex: boiling water To boil water you must heat it first, showing activation energy.
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Proton
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A partial with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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Ex: Chlorine has 7 protons
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Hydrogen bond
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Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms and oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atoms. Holds the strands of DNA in their double helix
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Ex: chloroform Chloroform is a hydrogen bond between a carbon molecule and a hydrogen molecule.
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pH scale
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A scale from 0-14 testing the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. Number less than 7 is acidic and greater than is basic
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Ex: black coffee-4 acidic. Black coffee is a 4 on the pH scale.
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Acid
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pH scale less than 7, more dissolved hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
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Ex: battery acid Battery acid is a 0 on the pH scale, very acidic.
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Base
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pH greater than 7, reflecting more dissolved hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
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Ex: sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide is very basic, it is a 14 on the pH scale
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Ionic bond
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Bond between a negatively charged atom and positively charged atom
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Ex: NaCl Sodium chloride is an ionic bond.
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Macromolecules
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Large complex molecules
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Ex: backbone of large complex molecules. Macromolecules are just big molecules.
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Carbohydrates
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Organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 2:1 ratio
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Ex: sugar All known types of living cells contain carbohydrates.
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Lipids
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Long term storage of energy and carbon. Do not dissolve in water because they are nonpolar. It is a nutrient and not a polymer
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Ex: fats and oils Lipids are not a fixed ratio.
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Proteins
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Most structural materials and enzymes in a cell are proteins. Composed of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids.
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Ex: skin, hair Proteins (enzymes) most important role is to assist in many reactions occurring in cells.
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Nucleic acids
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Macromolecules that dictate the sequence of amino acids, source of genetic information in chromosomes.
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Ex: DNA Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
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Electron
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A negatively charged particle that is on the outer shell of the nucleus
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Ex: negative Hydrogen has 1 electron
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Monosaccharides
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Single sugar, simplest carbohydrates
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Ex: glucose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides.
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Fatty acids and glycerol
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Building blocks of lipids, make up simple fats most common in our diet
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Ex: fat in steak Fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of lipids.
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Amino acids
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Small molecules that contain hydrogen , oxygen , carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms that make proteins
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Ex: alanine Alanine is an amino acid that makes up a protein.
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Nucleotides
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Small units of Nucleic acids, connected to form long chains
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Ex: DNA Nucleotides are building blocks of Nucleic acids.
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Disaccharide
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Two simple sugar molecules
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Ex: sucrose(table sugar) If you have two monosaccharides, it makes one disaccharide.
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Polysaccharides
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Several glucose molecules that bond
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Ex: starch Many monosaccharides makes polysaccharides.
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Polypeptide
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Long chain of amino acids
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Ex: glucagon A polypeptide forms a protein the length or the chain determines what kind of protein.
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Peptide bond
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Covalent bonds formed between two amino acids
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Ex: polypeptide A polypeptide is is a long chain of peptide bonds.
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DNA
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Contains deoxyribose, hereditary material of most organisms, four nitrogen-containing bases
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Ex: double helix DNA is the biological information of a person.
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Gene
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Physical unit of hereditary, specifications that goes from one generation to the next. A segment of DNA
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Ex: DNA Genes are something you get passed down from your parents.
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Neutron
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A particle that has no charge(neutral) that is in the nucleus
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Ex: Hydrogen has 0 neutrons.
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Ion
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An atom or molecule that has gained or loss electrons giving it a positive or negative charge
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Ex: aluminum An ammonium ion is formed together with amine.
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Isotope
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An atom that has the same properties as the elemental form of the substance but has more or less neutrons
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Ex: Carbon Isotopes of hydrogen, having one extra neutron.
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Ionic bond
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Bond between a negatively charged atom and positively charged atom
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Ex: NaCl Sodium chloride is an ionic bond.
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Covalent bond
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A chemical bond between two atoms sharing electrons
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Ex: carbon dioxide Carbon and oxygen share electrons to make a covalent bond.
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Polar covalent bond
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The shared electrons spend a greater amount of time closer to the oxygen nucleus than the hydrogen nucleus
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Ex: H2O When electrons are unequally shared they make a polar covalent bond.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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Law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed
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Ex: ice cube that melts into a liquid then heated to a gas. Oxidation is an example of the Law of Conservation of Matter
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Activation energy
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Amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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Ex: boiling water To boil water you must heat it first, showing activation energy.
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Covalent bond
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A chemical bond between two atoms sharing electrons
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Ex: carbon dioxide Carbon and oxygen share electrons to make a covalent bond.
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