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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are social norms? |
Implicit or explicit rules a group has For acceptable behavior, values, and beliefs of its members |
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What is the cultural experience of emotion? |
Whether an emotion is expressed as good or bad useful or destructive
Shaped by culture norms |
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How did folkways define norms? |
Conventional Behavior within a culture |
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What are group structures? |
The underlying patterns of roles, norms, and networks of relations
Among members that define and organize the group |
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What are Mores? |
Morally sanction standards for proper action in a culture or Society
Likely to become laws |
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What are descriptive norms? |
What most people usually do, feel, or think In a particular situation More influential than injunctive norms |
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What are injunctive norms? |
What people are supposed to do, feel, or think In a particular situation |
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What are prescriptive norms? |
Define the socially appropriate way to respond in a social situation
What people should do |
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What are proscriptive norms? |
Define actions that should be avoided What people should not do |
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What is the internalization of norms? |
People experience discomfort
When they realize they are acting contrary to a norm
Usually with injunctive norms
E.g milgram's Norm violation demonstration: Asking strangers to give up seat on bus |
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Why do Norms remain? |
Pluralistic ignorance |
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What is pluralistic ignorance? |
A type of norm misperception When each person in a group privately rejects the norms But believes that others accept them |
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What is Role Differentiation? |
The emergence and patterning of role-related actions
Task roles and relationship roles |
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What are the two basic demands that a group must meet to survive? |
Accomplishing tasks
Maintaining relationships |
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What are Task Roles? |
Any position that promotes the completion of tasks E.g. coordinator, expert, evaluator, secretary |
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What are relationship roles? |
Any position that improves quality of interpersonal relations among members |
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What was Moreland and Lewin's theory of group socialization? |
Group socialization is a reciprocal process of group members and the group
Trying to meet each others needs and accomplish goals |
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What are the five Social Processes of group socialization? |
Investigation Socialization Maintenance Resocialization Rememberance |
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What is stage 1 of group socialization? (Investigation) |
The Individual looks for groups to satisfy personal needs (Reconnaissance)
The Group looks for individuals to help achieve group goals (Recruitment)
If both meet their entrance criteria, entry from a prospective member to a new member occurs |
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What is stage 2 of group socialization? (socialization) |
The individual looks to change the group to satisfy their personal needs (Accommodation)
The group looks to change the individual to contribute more to group goals (Assimilation)
If both meet their acceptance criteria, acceptance to full member occurs |
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What is stage 3 of group socialization? (Maintenance) |
The individual tries to find a specialized role to satisfy their personal needs (role negotiation) Group tries to find a specialized role for individual to max achieving group goals (role negotiation) If both reach their divergence criteria, individual becomes a marginalized member |
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What is stage 4 of group socialization? (Resocialization) |
Individual looks to change the group to satisfy their personal needs again (accommodation)
Group looks to change the individual to contribute more to group goals again (assimilation)
If both fall below their Divergent criteria, convergence occurs and individual is full member
If both reach exit criteria, individual becomes an ex-member |
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What is a social network analysis? |
Analysis used to describe the structure of a group Through graphic representation and mathematical procedures that quantify these structures |
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Individuals in network (egocentric index) |
Nodes (circles): member Ties (arrow): directional or reciprocal relationship Degree centrality: the number of ties to a node. Outdegree(directed out) Indegree (directed in) Betweenness: Bridges between groups of nodes Closeness: distance to all other members |
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Groups as Networks (sociocentric index) |
Group size: number of individuals (n) who are connected by some type of tie
Density: how many people are linked to one another out of the total possible number of links
Cliques: subgroups within the larger group
Holes: gaps within the network |
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How do you calculate density of group? |
Density of group = ties / possible ties
Possible ties = n(n-1)
n = number of individuals DoG = 29/156 13(13-1) = 156 |
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What is status differentiation? |
Some members rise to positions of Greater Authority While others fall to positions of lesser Authority |
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What is pecking order? |
Prestige, status, and Authority among group members |
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What is Sociometric Differentiation? |
Development of stronger and more positive ties between some members of the group
That decreases the quality of relations between other members
Attraction tends to be reciprocal and exist in cliques |
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What is Fritz's Balance Theory? |
Sociometric structure tends to reach a state of equilibrium
Were likes or dislikes are balanced within the group |
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What are the 2 ways to relieve tension in an unbalanced relationship? (Balance Theory) |
Psychological changes in individual members
Interpersonal change in the group |
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What is the Communication Network? |
Patterns of information transmission and exchange
That describes who communicates the most, to what extent, and with whom |
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What is a Centralized Communication Network? |
A central member (Hub) collects information, synthesizes it, and sends it back to others
Efficient when tasks are simple |
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What is a Non-centralized Communication Network? |
No Central member
Information is equally distributed to all members
Efficient when tasks are complex |
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What is Social Tuning? |
The tendency for one's actions and evaluations
To become more similar to others
(Birth of a norm) |