Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a group? |
Two or more individuals that are connected by and within a social relationship |
|
|
What is group dynamics? |
Influential action, process, and change within and between groups |
|
|
What are characteristics of a dyad? |
Group dissolves when a member leaves Cannot be broken into subgroups Often connected through strong emotional bonds |
|
|
What are characteristics of a large group? |
Rarely directly connected to each member Subgroups likely to form Often a leader emerges to direct and organize the group |
|
|
What is a membership? |
The state of being a part of, or involved with, a group |
|
|
What is the equation of the max number of ties within a group? |
n(n-1) ÷ 2 n= # of people in group Larger the group, The more relationships required to sustain it |
|
|
What is a network? |
A set of interpersonal interconnected individuals or groups |
|
|
What is a social identity? |
Part of the self concept that derives from relationships and memberships in groups |
|
|
What are five characteristics of all group possess? |
Interaction Goals Interdependence Structure Unity |
|
|
What are interactions? |
Describes what people do in groups Robert Bales Identify two types of interactions |
|
|
What is Task interaction? |
Keeps the group focused on accomplishing tasks Involves problem solving and coordination |
|
|
What is relationship interaction? |
Maintains relationship in group Involves support for criticism |
|
|
What are four different types of goals? |
Generating plans or ideas Choosing among Alternatives Negotiating a solution to a conflict Executing a task |
|
|
What is interdependence? |
The state of being dependent to some degree on other people |
|
|
What are 4 types of interdependence? |
Symmetric interdependence with reciprocity
Hierarchical interdependence without reciprocity
Hierarchical interdependence with unequal reciprocity
Sequential interdependence without reciprocity |
|
|
What is structure? |
The underlining pattern of roles, norms, and relationships among members that organized the group |
|
|
What are roles? |
Specify expectations about how people with different positions in the group should behave |
|
|
What are norms? |
Implicit or explicit rules about what behaviors should or shouldn't be performed in a given context |
|
|
What is unity? |
A group is viewed holistic as a unified whole |
|
|
What is cohesiveness? |
The strength of bonds linking individuals to the group |
|
|
What is entitativity? |
The extent to which a collection of people is viewed as a group Rather than an aggregation of unrelated individuals |
|
|
What is Gestalt principles of grouping? |
Humans perceive stimuli as organized patterns, such as
Similarity Proximity Common fate |
|
|
What is similarity? |
How much stimuli resemble each other |
|
|
What is proximity? |
How close stimuli are to each other |
|
|
What is common fate? |
Covariability in time and direction of movement |
|
|
What are four types of groups? |
Primary group Social group Collectives Categories |
|
|
What is a primary group? |
Small personal meaningful and highly Unified groups
Typically the first group people join
Bridge between individual and Society E.g. family and friends |
|
|
What are social group? |
Large more formally organized groups
More permeable boundaries
Tends to be important
Membership tends to be shorter and less emotionally involving E.g. work groups, clubs |
|
|
What is a collective? |
Large groups of individuals who display similarities in actions and outlooks
E.g. audience, lineup, protest groups, fades |
|
|
What are categories? |
An aggregation of people or things That share some common attribute or are related in some way E.g. vancouverites, goths, |
|
|
What is the Thomas theorem? |
People's behavior can be determined by their subjective construction of reality rather than by objective reality Individual perception of reality is based upon individual beliefs, backgrounds, and experience |
|
|
What is a paradigm? |
Scientist share some questions about the procedure used to investigate the phenomena they study |
|
|
What is Kurt lewin's interactionism? |
Human behavior (B) is a function (F) of their personal qualities (P), the social environment (E)
B=f(P,E)
Groups are more than sums of their parts |
|
|
What is the Sherif's autokinetic study? |
A conformity study using the autokinetic effect |
|
|
What did Sherif's autokinetic study demonstrate? |
Group Norms are more than just the sum of the individual members
Group processes are real |
|
|
How do groups influence their members? |
People acquire attitudes, values, identities, and skills from groups People modify their behavior in response to social norms Modify people thoughts, feelings, and actions. |
|
|
How do groups influence Society? |
Groups maintain religious, political, economical, and Educational Systems in society |
|
|
What is Bruce tuckman's theory of group development? |
Most groups move through five stages: Forming Storming Norman Performing Adjourning |
|
|
What is forming? |
The group members meet one another |
|
|
What is storming? |
Conflicts surface
As members vie for status and the group sets its goals |
|
|
What is norming? |
Conflicts subsides Group becomes more structured and standards emerge |
|
|
What is performing? |
Moves Beyond disagreement and organizes to focus on task completion |
|
|
What is adjourning? |
The group disbands |
|
|
What is the multi-level perspective? |
Examines group behavior from three different levels of analysis Micro-level Meso Level Macro-level |
|
|
What are the three levels of the multi-level perspective? |
Micro level: focus on individual
Meso Level: focus on the group and social context
Macro level: focus on organization, community, Society level |
