Gray's Anatomy - The Upper Limb

Front 1

Trapezius

Back 1

O: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous p. CVii to TXII
I: spine of scap, acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
N: M. accessory nerve, S. C3 and C4
F: elevate/rotate/retract/depress scapula

Front 2

Deltoid

Back 2

O: inferior spine of scapula, lateral acromion, anterior 1/3 of clavicle
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
F: abducts, flexes, extends, arm

Front 3

Levator Scapulae

Back 3

O: transverse proc of CI-CIV
I: posterior surface of medial scapula
N: anterior rami C3-C4 and dorsal scapular n.
F: elevates scapula

Front 4

Rhomboid Minor

Back 4

O: ligamentum nuchae and spinous proc of CVII and TI
I: medial border of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
F: elevates and retracts scapula

Front 5

Rhomboid Major

Back 5

O: s.p. of TII to TV
I: medial border of scapula below spine
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
F: elevates and retracts scapula

Front 6

Supraspinatus

Back 6

O: medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa and fascia
I: superior greater tubercle of humerus
N: suprascapular n. (C5, C6)
F: rotator cuff; abduction of arm to 15 degrees

Front 7

Infraspinatus

Back 7

O: medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa and fascia
I: middle greater tubercle of humerus
N: suprascapular n. (C5,6)
F: rotator cuff; lateral rotation of arm

Front 8

Teres Minor

Back 8

O: flattened bone near lateral border of scapula
I: inferior greater tubercle of humerus
N: axillary n. (C5,6)
F: rotator cuff, lateral rotation of arm

Front 9

Teres Major

Back 9

O: inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N: inferior subscapular n. (C5-7)
F: medial rotation/extension of arm

Front 10

Long head of triceps brachii

Back 10

O: infraglenoid tubercle on scapula
I: olecranon process of ulna
N: radial n. (C6-8)
F: extension of forearm; accessory adductor and extensor of arm

Front 11

pectoralis major

Back 11

O: clavicular head - medial 1/2 of clavicle; sternocostal head - 7 costal cartilage, aponeurosis of ex oblique
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
F: flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of arm

Front 12

pectoralis minor

Back 12

O: ribs III to V
I: middle 1/3 of clavicle
N: medial pectoral nerve (C6-8)
F: depress tip of shoulder; protracts scapula

Front 13

Subclavius

Back 13

O: first rib at rib and cartilage junction
I: middle 1/3 of clavicle
N: nerve to subclavius (C5-6)
F: depress tip of shoulder, pulls clavicle medially

Front 14

Serratus Anterior

Back 14

O: lateral upper 8-9 ribs
I: medial border of scapula
N: long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
F: protraction/rotation of scapula

Front 15

Subscapularis

Back 15

O: medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
N: upper and lower subscapular nn. (C5-7)
F: rotator cuff muscle; medial rotation of arm

Front 16

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 16

O: s.p. of lower 6 thoracic and lumbar vert, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower 3-4 ribs
I: intertubercular sulcus
N: thoracodorsal n. (C6-8)
F: adduction, medial rotation, and extension of arm

Front 17

Biceps Brachii

Back 17

O: long - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short - apex of coracoid process
I: tuberosity of radius
N: musculocutaneous n. (C5-6)
F: flexor of forearm; supinates forearm; some flexion at shoulder

Front 18

Corachobracialis

Back 18

O: apex of coracoid process
I: linear roughening on mid-shaft of humerus
N: musculocutaneous n. (C5-7)
F: flex/adducts arm

Front 19

Brachialis

Back 19

O: anterior aspect of humerus
I: tuberosity of ulna
N: musculocutaneous n. (some radial n.)
F: powerful flexor of forearm

Front 20

Triceps Brachii

Back 20

O: Long - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Medial and lateral - posterior humerus
I: olecranon
N: radial n. (C6-8)
F: extension of forearm; long head - extend/adduct arm

Front 21

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 21

O: humeral - medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar - olecranon of ulna
I: pisiform bone and metacarpal V
N: ulnar n. (C7-T1)
F: flexes and adducts wrist

Front 22

Palmaris Longus

Back 22

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis
N: median n. (C7-8)
F: flexes wrist

Front 23

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Back 23

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of metacarpals II and III
N: median nerve (C6,7)
F: flexes, abducts wrist

Front 24

Pronator Teres

Back 24

O: humeral - medial epicondyle; Ulnar - coronoid process
I: lateral, mid-shaft of radius
N: median n. (C6,7)
F: pronation

Front 25

Flexor Digitorum superficialis

Back 25

O: humero-ulnar - medial epicondyle and coronoid process; radial - oblique line of radius
I: palmar middle phalanges of digits 2-5
N: median n. (C8-T1)
F: flex interphalangeal joints of 2-5

Front 26

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Back 26

O: anterior, medial ulna and interosseus membrane
I: palmar distal phalanges of digits 2-5
N: lateral, median and medial, ulnar
F: flexes distal interphalangeal of 2-5

Front 27

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Back 27

O: anterior radius and interosseus membrane
I: palmar distal phalanx of thumb
N: median n.
F: flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb

Front 28

Pronator Quadratus

Back 28

O: linear ridge on anterior ulna
I: distal anterior radius
N: median n.
F: pronation

Front 29

Bracioradialis

Back 29

O: proximal humerus
I: lateral distal radius
N: radial nerve
F: accesory flexor of forearm when mid-pronated

Front 30

Extensor Carpi Radialus Longus

Back 30

O: distal humerus
I: dorsal base of metacarpal II
N: radial n.
F: extends/abducts wrist

Front 31

Extensor Carpi radialus brevis

Back 31

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: dorsal base of metacarpals II and III
N: deep branch of radial n.
F: extends/abducts wrist

Front 32

Extensor digitorum

Back 32

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: dorsal middle and distal phalanges of 2-5
N: posterior interosseus n.
F: extends 2-5 and some wrist

Front 33

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Back 33

O: lateral epicondyle of wrist and extensor digitorum
I: dorsal hood of little finger
N: posterior interosseus n.
F: extends little finger

Front 34

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 34

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior ulna
I: tubercle on metacarpal V
N: posterior interosseus n.
F: extends and adducts wrist

Front 35

Anconeus

Back 35

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon and posterior ulna
N: radial n.
F: abduction of ulna; accessory extensor at elbow

Front 36

Supinator

Back 36

O: superficial - lateral epicondyle of humerus; deep - supinator crest of ulna
I: lateral surface of sadius
N: posterior interosseus n.
F: supination

Front 37

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Back 37

O: posterior radius, ulna, and interosseus membrane
I: lateral base of metacarpal I
N: posterior interosseus n.
F: abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb; accessory thumb extensor

Front 38

extensor pollicis brevis

Back 38

O: posterior radius and i.m.
I: dorsal proximal phalanx of thumb
N: posterior interosseus n. (C7,8)
F: extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

Front 39

extensor pollicis longus

Back 39

O: posterior ulna and i.m.
I: dorsal distal phalanx of thumb
N: posterior interosseus n. (C7,8)
F: extends interphalangeal joint of thumb

Front 40

extensor indicis

Back 40

O: posterior ulna and i.m.
I: extensor hood of index finger
N: posterior interosseus n. (C7,8)
F: extends index finger

Front 41

palmaris brevis

Back 41

O: palmar aponeurosis/flexor retinaculum
I: dermis on medial margin of hand
N: superficial b. of ulnar n.
A: improves grip

Front 42

dorsal interossei

Back 42

O: adjacent sides of metacarpals
I: extensor hood/proximal phalanges of 2, 3, 4
N: deep b. of ulnar n.
A: abducts 2,3,4 at McP joints

Front 43

palmar interossei

Back 43

O: sides of metacarpals
I: extensor hood of 1,2,4,5 and proximal phalanx of thumb
N: deep b. of ulnar n.
A: adduction of 1,2,4,5 at mcp joint

Front 44

adductor pollicis

Back 44

O: transverse-metacarpal III, oblique-capitate and bases of metacarpals II and III
I: proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
N: deep b. of ulnar n.
A: adducts thumb

Front 45

lumbricals (hand)

Back 45

O: tendons of f.d.p.
I: extensor hoods of 2-5
N: medial 2: deep ulnar; lateral 2: digital branches of median nerve

Front 46

opponens pollicis

Back 46

O: tubercle of trapezium/flexor retinaculum
I: metacarpal I
N: recurrent b. of median n.
A: medially rotates thumb

Front 47

abductor pollicis brevis

Back 47

O: scaphoid/trapezium/flexor retinaculum
I: proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
N: recurrent b. of median n.
A: abducts thumb at mcp joint

Front 48

flexor pollicis brevis

Back 48

O: trapezium/flexor retinaculum
I: proximal phalanx of thumb
N: recurrent branch of median n.
A: flexes thumb at mcp joint

Front 49

opponens digiti minimi

Back 49

O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: metacarpal V
N: deep branch of ulnar n.
A: laterally rotates metacarpal V

Front 50

abductor digiti minimi

Back 50

O: pisiform, tendon of f.c.u.
I: proximal phalanx of little finger
N: deep branch of ulnar n.
A: abducts little finger at mcp joint

Front 51

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Back 51

O: hook of hamate/flexor retinaculum
I: proximal phalanx of little finger
N: deep b. of ulnar n.
A: flexes little finger at mcp joint