Gray's Anatomy For Students - The Lower Limb

Front 1

Piriformis

Back 1

O: anterior sacrum (b/w foramina)
IS: Greater trochanter of femur
IV: S1, S2
F: laterally rotates hip, abducts flexed femur at hip

Front 2

Obturator Internus

Back 2

O: anterolateral pelvis and obturator membrane
IS: greater trochanter of femur
IV: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
F: laterally rotates extended hip, abducts flexed hip

Front 3

Gemellus Superior

Back 3

O: external ischial spine
IS: superior obturator internus tendon and into greater trochanter
IV: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
F: laterally rotates extended hip, abducts flexed hip

Front 4

Gemellus Inferior

Back 4

O: upper ischial tuberosity
IS: inferior obturator internus and greater trochanter of femur
IV: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
F: laterally rotates extended hip, abducts flexed hip

Front 5

Quadratus Femoris

Back 5

O: anterior to ischial tuberosity
IS: intertochanteric crest of femur
IV: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
F: laterally rotates femur at hip

Front 6

Gluteus Minimus

Back 6

O: external ilium
IS: greater trochanter
IV: superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)
F: abducts femur at hip

Front 7

Gluteus Medius

Back 7

O: external ilium
IS: greater trochanter
IV: superior gluteal n. (L4-S1)
F: abducts femur at hip

Front 8

Gluteus Maximus

Back 8

O: fascia, external ilium, dorsal sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
IS: IT band and gluteal tuberosity of femur
IV: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
F: extensor of hip joint

Front 9

Tensor Fascia Latae

Back 9

O: iliac crest
IS: IT Band
IV: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
F: stabilize knee in extension

Front 10

Psoas Major

Back 10

O: posterior abdominal wall
IS: lesser trochanter of femur
IV: anterior rami L1-L3
F: flexes thigh at hip

Front 11

iliacus

Back 11

O: posterior abdominal wall
IS: lesser trochanter of femur
IV: femoral nerve (L2-L3)
F: flexes thigh at hip joint

Front 12

vastus medialis

Back 12

O: femur (linea aspera)
IS: quadriceps femoris tendon
IV: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
F: extends leg at knee joint

Front 13

vastus intermedius

Back 13

O: femur
IS: quadriceps femoris tendon
IV: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
F: extends leg at knee joint

Front 14

vastus lateralis

Back 14

O: femur
IS: quadriceps femoris tendon
IV: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
F: extends leg at knee joint

Front 15

Rectus Femoris

Back 15

O: straight head - AIIS, reflected head - ilium
IS: quadriceps femoris tendon
IV: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
F: flexes thigh and extends knee

Front 16

Sartorius

Back 16

O: ASIS
IS: anterior tibia
IV: femoral nerve (L2, L3)
F: flexes thigh at hip and flexes leg at knee

Front 17

Gracilis

Back 17

O: external pubis and ischium
IS: medial tibia
IV: obturator nerve
F: adducts thigh at hip and flexes leg at knee

Front 18

Pectineus

Back 18

O: pectineal line
IS: lesser trochanter to linea aspera
IV: femoral nerve (L2, L3)
F: adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Front 19

Adductor Longus

Back 19

O: external body of pubis
IS: linea aspera
IV: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
F: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip

Front 20

Adductor Brevis

Back 20

O: external body of pubis
IS: posterior proximal femur
IV: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
F: adducts thigh at hip

Front 21

Adductor Magnus - Adductor Part

Back 21

O: ischiopubic ramus
IS: posterior proximal femur and linea aspera
IV: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
F: adducts and medially rotates thigh

Front 22

Adductor Magnus - Hamstring Part

Back 22

O: ischial tuberosity
IS: adductor tubercle
IV: tibial nerve
F: adducts and medially rotates thigh

Front 23

Obturator Externus

Back 23

O: external obturator membrane and adjacent bone
IS: trochanteric fossa
IV: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
F: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip

Front 24

Biceps Femoris

Back 24

O: long - upper ischial tuberosity, short - lateral linea aspera
IS: head of fibula
IV: sciatic nerve (L5 to S2)
F: flexes leg at knee extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip

Front 25

Semitendinosus

Back 25

O: upper ischial tuberosity
IS: medial proximal tibia
IV: sciatic nerve (L5 to S2)
F: flexes leg at knee extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip

Front 26

Semimembranosus

Back 26

O: ischial tuberosity
IS: medial tibial condyle
IV: sciatic nerve
F: flexes leg at knee extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip

Front 27

Gastrocnemius

Back 27

O: medial - posterior distal femur sup to medial condyle, lateral - upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
IS: calcaneal tendon
IV: tibial nerve
F: plntarflexes foot and flexes knee

Front 28

Soleus

Back 28

O: soleal line of tibia, part of fibia, tendinous arch
IS: clcaneal tendon
IV: tibial nerve
F: plantarflexes foot

Front 29

Plantaris

Back 29

O: inferior femur and popliteal ligament
IS: calcaneal tendon
IV: tibial nerve
F: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

Front 30

Popliteus

Back 30

O: posterior surface of prox tibia
IS: lateral femoral condyle
IV: tibial nerve
F: unlocks knee joint

Front 31

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 31

O: posterior tibia and interosseus mem
IS: plantar distal phalanx of big toe
IV: tibial nerve
F: flexes great toe

Front 32

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 32

O: medial posterior tibia
IS: plantar bases of distal phalanges of toes
IV: tibial nerve
F: flexes lateral four toes

Front 33

Tibialis Posterior

Back 33

O: posterior interosseus mem and adjacent tib and fib
IS: tuberosity of navicular and medial cuneiform
IV: tibial nerve
F: inversion and plantarflexion; support of medial arch

Front 34

Fibularis Longus

Back 34

O: upper lateral tibia, head of fibula
IS: medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
IV: superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)
F: eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arch

Front 35

Fibularis Brevis

Back 35

O: lower lateral surface of fibula
IS: tubercle of metatarsal V
IV: superficial fibular nerve
F: eversion of foot

Front 36

Tibialis Anterior

Back 36

O: lateral tibia and interosseus mem
IS: medial cuneiform and metatarsal I
IV: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
F: dorsiflexion, inversion, support medial arch

Front 37

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 37

O: medial fibula and interosseus mem
IS: dorsal distal phalanx of great toe
IV: deep fibular nerve
F: ext of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot

Front 38

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 38

O: medial fibula and lateral tibia
IS: dorsal digital expansions into distal and middle phalanges
IV: deep fibular nerve
F: extension of toes and dorsiflexion of foot

Front 39

Fibularis Tertius

Back 39

O: distal medial fibula
IS: dorsomedial metatarsal V
IV: deep fibular nerve
F: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

Front 40

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 40

O: superolateral calcaneus
IS: proximal phalanx of great toe and lateral tendon of extensor digitorum longus of toes
IV: deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)
F: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint og great toe and extension of toes

Front 41

Abductor Hallucis

Back 41

O: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
IS: medial proximal phalanx of great toe
IV: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
F: abducts/flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 42

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 42

O: medial calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
IS: plantar surface of middle phalanges of four toes
IV: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
F: flexes four toes at interphalangeal joints

Front 43

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 43

O: lateral and medial processes of calcaneus
IS: lateral base of proximal phalanx of little toe
IV: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Front 44

Quadratus Plantae

Back 44

O: medial calcaneus and lateral calcaneal tuberosity
IS: lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
IV: lateral plantar n. (S1 to S3)
F: assists f.d.l. in flexing toes II to V

Front 45

Lumbricals

Back 45

O: 1st-medial side of f.d.l.; others-adjacent tendons of f.d.l.
IS: medial free margins of extensor hoods of toes II to V
IV: 1st-medial plantar nerve; others-lateral plantar n.
F: flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints

Front 46

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 46

O: plantar surface of cuboids and lateral cuneiform; tendon of t.p.
IS: proximal phalanx of great toe
IV: medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)
F: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

Front 47

Adductor Hallucis

Back 47

O: transverse-ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique-metatarsals II to V
IS: lateral proximal phalanx of great toe
IV: lateral plantar nerve
F: adducts great toe at metarsophalangeal joint

Front 48

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 48

O: base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
IS: lateral proximal phalanx of little toe
IV: lateral plantar nerve
F: flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 49

Dorsal Interossei

Back 49

O: sides of adjacent metatarsals
IS: dorsal expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of toes II to V
IV: lateral plantar nerve
F: adduction toes II to V at metatarsophalangeal joint; resist extension

Front 50

plantar interossei

Back 50

O: medial sides of metatarsals III to V
IS: dorsal expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of toes III to V
IV: lateral plantar nerve
F: adduction of toes III to V