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78 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What bones make up the hip joint?
1.head of femur
2. pelvic acetabulum
When does ossification of the head of the femur begin and end?
1. begins at year 1
2. ends by year 20
When does the epiphyseal line of the acetabulum fuse by?
by year 17
What forms the acetabular notch into a foramen?
transverse acetabular ligament
What parts of the pelvic acetabulum are involved in the acetabulum?
1.epiphyseal line
2. acetabular notch
3. non-articular acetabular fossa
4. acetabular labrum
The fibrous capsule of the hip joint is attached to what?
1. the rim of the acetabulum
2. the labrum of the acetabulum
3. transverse ligament
What is the synovial joint of the hip attached to?
all non-articular surfaces of the joint
What does the synovial membrane droop posterioinferiorly to?
obturator externus
What are the ligaments of the hip joint?
1.ligament of the head of the femur
2. iliofemoral ligament
3. pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments
What is the ligament of the head of the femur made of and what does it carry?
a hollow cone of synovial membrane transmitting blood vessels to the head of the femur
Where does the ligament of the head of the femur lie?
between the fovia in the head and acetabular fossa
Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?
1.superiorly to the anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular margin
2. inferiorly to the intertrochanteric line of the femur
What is the purpose of the iliofemoral ligament?
checks the posterior rotation of the trunk
What are the attachments of the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments?
1. attached to the pubic and ischial parts of the acetabular margin respectively
2. inserts into the superior end of the intertrochanteric line
What tendon lies between the iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments?
tendon of the psoas major muscle
What arteries supply blood to the hip joint?
1. medial femoral circumflex artery
2. lateral femoral circumflex artery
3. obturator artery
4. gluteal arteries
5. anastamosesis between arterial branches of the shaft and artery of the head of the femur (between medial and lateral femoral circumflex and artery of head of femur)
What nerves supply the hip joint?
1.femoral nerve (branch to rectus femoris)
2. obturator nerve
3. sciatic nerve
4. superior gluteal nerve
What movements can the hip joint make?
1.flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction
5. circumduction
6. medial and lateral rotation
What type of joint is the knee joint?
hinge joint
What movements can the knee joint make?
flexion and extension
What lies between the patella and the skin?
prepatellar bursa
What lies anterior to the patellar ligament?
superficial infrapatellar bursa
What bones are involved in the knee joint?
1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella
Medial and lateral articulations of the knee are divided into upper and lower parts by what?
medial and lateral menisci
What direction does the patella tend to dislocate and why?
tends to dislocate laterally due to obliquity of the femur
What prevents lateral dislocation of the patella?
1. the anterior projection of the lateral femoral condyle
2. inferior fibers of the vastus medialis
What is included in the fibrous capsule of the knee?
1. ligamentum patellae
2. coronary ligaments
3. medial (tibial) collateral ligament
***Not the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament***
The fibrous capsule is reinforced anteriorly and on the sides by aponeurosis from what?
1.vasti
2. sartorius
3. semimembraneous
4. biceps femoris
5. iliotibial tract
The fibrous capsule has posterior fibers running inferomedially parallel with the popliteus and are name what and attach to what?
1.oblique popliteal ligament
2. attaches to the semimembranous tendon
What are the collateral ligaments like when the knee is flexed and when it is extended?What do the collateral ligaments allow for when the knee is flexed?
1. lax when knee is flexed
2. taught when knee extended
3. some degree of medial and lateral rotation
What are the two portions of the tibial collateral ligament?
1. superficial portion
2. deltoid shaped portion (deep)
What does the tibial collateral ligament lie deep to?
1. anserine bursa
2. pes anserinus (distal tendon of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus)
What makes up the pes anserinus?
distal tendons of
1. sartorius
2. gracilis
3. semitendinosus
What are the attachments of the fibular collateral ligament?
1. lateral epicondyl
2. head of the fibula
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament run?
1. from the tibia anteroinferiorly to the intercondylar notch of the femur posterosuperiorly
What is the purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament?
prevents posterior displacement of the femur and hyperextension
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament run?
1. from tibia posteroinferiorly to intercondylar notch of the femur anterosuperiorly
What is the purpose of the posterior cruciate ligament?
prevents anterior displacement of the femur (posterior displacement of the tibia)
What does the intercondylar septum separate in the knee?
separate the medial and lateral condylar joints in intrauterine life
What are the three bursa in the knee joint?
1. suprapatellar bursa
2. popliteus bursa
3. gastrocnemius bursa
Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
deep to the tendons of the quadriceps femoris
What cavity does the suprapatellar bursa open into?
patellar cavity
What retracts the suprapatellar bursa?
articularis genu during knee extension
Where should a vertical incisions stop on the femur to avoid the suprapatellar bursa?
2 fingerbreadths above the patella
What does the popliteus bursa open into below the meniscus of the knee?
lateral condylar cavity
When does the distal head of the femur ossify?
around the 9th month of intrauterine life
When does the distal head of the femur fuse with the shaft?
around 19th year
When does the proximal head of the tibia ossify?
around birth
When does the proximal head of the tibia fuse with the shaft?
around the 19th year
When does the patella ossify?
around the 3rd year
What arteries supply blood to the knee?
1. middle genicular artery
2. 2 medial and 2 lateral genicular arteries embrace femur and tibia
3. anastomosis with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex artery, the descending genicular artery, and anterior tibial recurrent artery
What nerves supply the knee joint?
1. femoral nerve (branches to vasti and saphenous nerve)
2. obturator nerve (branch to adductor magnus)
3. sciatic nerve (6 genicular branches)
What is a bumper fracture?
a compression fracture of the lateral tibial condyle
What is a Pott's fracture?
fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia (medial malleolus fracture)
What is a pilon fracture?
comminuted fracture of distal tibia
Where is the weight of the body transmitted to by the tibia?
talus
What makes up the socket of the talus?
1. medial and lateral malleoli
2. inferior articular surface of tibia
3. transverse tibiofibular ligament (ant. and post.)
In flexion and extension the talus acts as part of what? In inversion and eversion the talus acts as part of what?
1. part of the foot
2. part of the leg
What are the collateral ligaments of the ankle?
1. medial or deltoid ligament
2. lateral ligament
What are the different ligaments that make up the medial or deltoid collateral ligament of the ankle?
1. posterior tibiotalar part
2. tibiocalcaneal part
3. tibionavicular part
4. anterior tibiotalar part
What are the different ligaments that make up the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
1.posterior talofibular ligament
2. calcaneofibular ligament
3. anterior talofibular ligament
What nerves supply the ankle joint?
deep peroneal and tibial nerves
What main arteries supply the ankle?
1. anterior and posterior tibial arteries
2. peroneal artery
What movements are the joints of the foot capable of?
inversion and eversion
What joins the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
plantar calcaneo-navicular ligament (spring ligament)
The inferior surface of the talus contains what facets and what shape are they?
1. anterior and middle (concave)
2. posterior (convex)
What is found in between the posterior and middle tarsal facets and what is contained in it?
1. tarsal sinus
2. interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
What ligaments run between the talus and calcaneous?
1. interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
2. lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
What ligaments run between the calcaneus and the long bones of the leg?
1. calcaneofibular portion of the lateral ligament of the ankle
2. the calcaneotibial portion of the medial (deltoid) ligament
What is the name of the posterior talocalcaneal joint?
subtalar joint
What is the anterior talocalcaneal joint part of?
talocalcaneonavicular joint
What are the joints of the foot?
1. subtalar
2. anterior talocalcaneal joint
3. talonavicular joint
4. calcaneocuboid joint
What ligament is the collateral ligament for the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints?
bifurcate ligament
What ligaments sustain the longitudinal lateral arch of the foot?
1. plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament)
2. long plantar ligament
Where does the short plantar ligament run?
1. from inferior surface of the calcaneus
2. to large area inferior to the ridge on the cuboid
Where does the long plantar ligament run?
1.calcaneus
2. to cuboid
3. to bases of 2-4 (5) metatarsals
The long plantar ligament convers the groove on the cuboid into a tunnel for what?
for the peroneus longus tendon
What is a march fracture?
stress fracture of a metatarsal