Gray's Anatomy For Students - The Back

Front 1

The Back

Back 1

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Front 2

Origins

Back 2

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Front 3

Insertions

Back 3

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Front 4

Innervations

Back 4

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Front 5

Functions

Back 5

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Front 6

Blood Supplies

Back 6

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Front 7

Trapezius (O)

Back 7

superior nuchal line, externl occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TXII

Front 8

Trapezius (IS)

Back 8

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Front 9

Trapezius (IV)

Back 9

motor - accessory nerve (XI)
proprioception - C3 and C4

Front 10

Trapezius (F)

Back 10

assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers abduct, lower fibers depress scapula

Front 11

Trapezius (B)

Back 11

superior branch of the transverse cervical artery, acromial branch of suprascapular artery, dorsal branches of intercostal arteries

Front 12

Latissimus Dorsi (O)

Back 12

spinous processes of TVII to LV and sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs X to XII

Front 13

Latissimus Dorsi (IS)

Back 13

floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Front 14

Latissimus Dorsi (IV)

Back 14

thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)

Front 15

Latissimus Dorsi (F)

Back 15

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Front 16

Latissimus Dorsi (B)

Back 16

thoracodorsal artery, dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

Front 17

Levator Scapulae (O)

Back 17

transverse processes of CI to CIV

Front 18

Levator Scapulae (IS)

Back 18

upper portion medial border of scapulae

Front 19

Levator Scapulae (IV)

Back 19

C3 to C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Front 20

Levator Scapulae (F)

Back 20

elevates scapula

Front 21

Levator Scapulae (B)

Back 21

arterial branches from the transverse and ascending cervical arteries

Front 22

Rhomboid Major (O)

Back 22

spinous process of TII to TV

Front 23

Rhomboid Major (IS)

Back 23

medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle

Front 24

Rhomboid Major (IV)

Back 24

dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Front 25

Rhomboid Major (F)

Back 25

retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

Front 26

Rhomboid Minor (O)

Back 26

lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII and TI

Front 27

Rhomboid Minor (IS)

Back 27

medial border of scapula at spine of scapula

Front 28

Rhomboid Minor (IV)

Back 28

dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Front 29

Rhomboid Minor (F)

Back 29

retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

Front 30

Serratus posterior superior (O)

Back 30

lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TIII and supraspinous ligaments

Front 31

Serratus posterior superior (IS)

Back 31

upper border of ribs II to V just lateral to their angles

Front 32

Serratus posterior superior (IV)

Back 32

anterior rami of upper thoracic nerves (T2 to T5)

Front 33

Serratus posterior superior (F)

Back 33

elevates ribs II to V

Front 34

Serratus posterior superior (B)

Back 34

segmental pattern through intercostal arteries

Front 35

Serratus Posterior Inferior (O)

Back 35

spinous processes of TXI to LIII and supraspinous ligaments

Front 36

Serratus Posterior Inferior (IS)

Back 36

lower border of ribs IX to XII just lateral to their angles

Front 37

Serratus Posterior Inferior (IV)

Back 37

anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves (T9 to T12)

Front 38

Serratus Posterior Inferior (F)

Back 38

depresses ribs IX to XII and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts

Front 39

Serratus Posterior Inferior (B)

Back 39

segmental pattern through intercostal arteries

Front 40

Splenius Capitis (O)

Back 40

lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TVI

Front 41

Splenius Capitis (IS)

Back 41

mastoid process, skull below lateral one-third of superior nuchal line

Front 42

Splenius Capitis (IV)

Back 42

posterior rami middle cervical nerves

Front 43

Splenius Capitis (F)

Back 43

together - draw head backwards extending the neck; individually - draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)

Front 44

splenius cervicis (O)

Back 44

spinous processes of TIII to TVI

Front 45

Splenius Cervicis (IS)

Back 45

transverse processes of CI to CIII

Front 46

Splenius Cervicis (IV)

Back 46

posterior rami lower cervical nerves

Front 47

Splenius Cervicis (F)

Back 47

together - extend neck; individually - draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)

Front 48

Iliocostalis Lumborum (O)

Back 48

sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest

Front 49

Iliocostalis Lumborum (IS)

Back 49

angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs

Front 50

Iliocostalis Thoracis (O)

Back 50

angles of the lower six ribs

Front 51

Iliocostalis Thoracis (IS)

Back 51

angles of theupper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII

Front 52

Iliocostalis Cervicis (O)

Back 52

angles of ribs III to VI

Front 53

Iliocostalis Cervicis (IS)

Back 53

transverse processes of CIV to CVI

Front 54

Longissimus thoracis (O)

Back 54

blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Front 55

Longissimus thoracis (IS)

Back 55

transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the nine or ten ribs

Front 56

Longissimus Cervicis (O)

Back 56

transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae

Front 57

Longissimus Cervicis (IS)

Back 57

transverse processes of CII to CVI

Front 58

Longissimus Capitis (O)

Back 58

transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower three or four cervical vertebrae

Front 59

Longissimus Capitis (IS)

Back 59

posterior margin of the mastoid process

Front 60

Spinalis thoracis (O)

Back 60

spinous process of TX or TXI to LII

Front 61

Spinalis thoracis (IS)

Back 61

spinous processes of TI to TVIII (varies)

Front 62

Spinalis cervicis (O)

Back 62

lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CVII (sometimes TI to TII)

Front 63

Spinalis cervicis (IS)

Back 63

spinous process of CII (axis)

Front 64

Spinalis capitis (O)

Back 64

usually blends with semispinalis capitis

Front 65

Spinalis capitis (IS)

Back 65

with semispinalis capitis

Front 66

Semispinalis thoracis (O)

Back 66

transverse processes of TVI to TX

Front 67

Semispinalis thoracis (IS)

Back 67

spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae

Front 68

Semispinalis cervicis (O)

Back 68

transverse processes of upper 5 or 6 thoracic vertebrae

Front 69

Semispinalis cervicis (IS)

Back 69

spinous processes of CII (axis) to CV

Front 70

Semispinalis capitis (O)

Back 70

transverse processes of TI and CVII and articular processes of CIV to CVI

Front 71

Semispinalis capitis (IS)

Back 71

medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

Front 72

multifidus (O)

Back 72

sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae

Front 73

multifidus (IS)

Back 73

base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from LV to CII (axis)

Front 74

rotatores lumborum (O)

Back 74

mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae

Front 75

rotatores lumborum (IS)

Back 75

spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae

Front 76

rotatores thoracis (O)

Back 76

transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

Front 77

rotatores thoracis (IS)

Back 77

spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Front 78

rotatores cervicis (O)

Back 78

articular processes of cervical vertebrae

Front 79

rotatores cervicis (IS)

Back 79

spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

Front 80

Levatores costarum (O)

Back 80

short paired muscles arising from transverse processes of CVII to TXI

Front 81

Levatores costarum (IS)

Back 81

the rib below vertebra of origin near tubercle

Front 82

Levatores costarum (F)

Back 82

contraction elevates rib

Front 83

Interspinales (O)

Back 83

short paired muscles attached to the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae, one on each side of the interspinous ligament

Front 84

Interspinales (IS)

Back 84

the rib below vertebra of origin near tubercle

Front 85

interspinales (F)

Back 85

contraction elevates rib

Front 86

intertransversarii (O)

Back 86

small muscles between the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae

Front 87

intertransversarii (IS)

Back 87

the rib below vertebra of origin near tubercle

Front 88

intertransversarii (F)

Back 88

contraction elevates rib

Front 89

rectus capitis posterior major (O)

Back 89

spinous process of axis

Front 90

rectus capitis posterior major (IS)

Back 90

lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Front 91

rectus capitis posterior major (IV)

Back 91

posterior ramus of C1

Front 92

rectus capitis posterior major (F)

Back 92

extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle

Front 93

rectus capitis posterior minor (O)

Back 93

posterior tubercle of atlas

Front 94

rectus capitis posterior minor (IS)

Back 94

medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Front 95

rectus capitis posterior minor (IV)

Back 95

posterior ramus of C1

Front 96

rectus capitis posterior minor (F)

Back 96

extension of head

Front 97

obliquus capitis superior (O)

Back 97

transverse process of atlas

Front 98

obliquus capitis superior (IS)

Back 98

occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 99

obliquus capitis superior (IV)

Back 99

posterior ramus of C1

Front 100

obliquus capitis superior (F)

Back 100

extension of head and bends it to same side

Front 101

obliquus capitis inferior (O)

Back 101

spinous process of axis

Front 102

obliquus capitis superior (IS)

Back 102

transverse process of atlas

Front 103

obliquus capitis superior (IV)

Back 103

posterior ramus of CI

Front 104

obliquus capitis superior (F)

Back 104

rotation of face to same side

Front 105

Superficial Group

Back 105

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor

Front 106

Intermediate (Respiratory) Group

Back 106

Serratus posterior superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

Front 107

Deep Group

Back 107

Spinotransversalis, Thoracolumbar Fascia, Erector Spinae, Transversospinalis, Segmental Muscles, Suboccipital

Front 108

Spinotransversalis

Back 108

Splenius Capitis, Splenius Cervicis

Front 109

Erector Spinae

Back 109

Iliocostalis Lumborum, Iliocostalis Thoracis, Iliocostalis Cervicis, Longissimus Thoracis, Longissimus Cervicis, Longissimus Capitis, Spinalis Thoracis, Spinalis Cervicis, Spinalis Capitis

Front 110

Transversospinalis

Back 110

Semispinalis Thoracis, Semispinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Capitis, Multifidus, Rotatores Lumborum, Rotatores Thoracis, Rotatores, Cervicis

Front 111

Segmental Back Muscles

Back 111

Levatores Costorum, Interspinales, Intertransversarii

Front 112

Suboccipital

Back 112

Rectus Capitis posterior major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Superior, Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Front 113

Ligaments

Back 113

anterior and posterior longitudinal, ligamenta flava, supraspinous, ligamentum nuchae, interspinous

Front 114

Functions of the Back

Back 114

1. Support
2. Anchor for Limbs
3. Movement
4. Protection