Grape Growing And Related Labelling Terms

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What are vines

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A plant that can live for 60 years or more.

Spring starts the growing season.

New shoots, leaves and flowers and by the end of summer flowers have turned into grapes.

Autumn the vine drops it’s leaves.

Winter the vines are dormant what

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What a vine needs

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Warmth, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients

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The Parts of the grape

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Skins: contains colors and tannin

Seeds and Stems: tannin

Pulp: water and sugar. Acids

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Grape Formation and Ripening

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Flowering, Fruit Set, Veraison, Ripening

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Flowering

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Spring produces clusters of flowers. Each cluster will form a bunch of grapes. vines rely on the wind for pollination

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Fruit Set

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Once flowers have been pollinated it starts to grow seeds and begin to swell.

All newly formed grapes are small hard , dark green and unpleasant to taste

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Veraison

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Point at which the grape starts to lose their dark green color. White grapes become golden and black grapes become red and then purple.

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Ripening

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High levels of acid and herbaceous flavors . Grapes swell with water, acid drops and sugar increases . Signature flavors develop

White grapes change from green fruit to stone fruit and tropical flavors

For black grapes : fresh fruit to cooked fruit

Tannins develop in the skins

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Concentration of sugars/extra ripening

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If the grapes are left on the vine past the point when they are normally harvested.

Used to make sweet wines

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Botrytis/ noble rot

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Fungus that can grow causes noble rot.

First , the fungus must on ripe grapes

Second the ideal conditions in the vineyard are damp misty mornings followed by dry afternoons to limit the growth so it doesn’t destroy the grapes

Sweet wines

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Frozen Grapes

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Healthy grapes are left on the vine unpicked through autumn and into winter.

Frozen grapes are picked while frozen and are pressed before they thaw.

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Eiswein

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When frozen grapes are pressed the ice crystals along with the skins can be separated from the remaining liquid which is a highly concentrated known as eiswein.

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Climate

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Amount of heat available during a growing season. Combination of heat, sunlight and water availability

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Growing season in the northern hemisphere

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April to October

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Growing season in the southern helishpehre

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October to April

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Temperature

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Cool: 62F or below. 16.5 C

Moderate: 62- 65. 16.5-18.5

Warm: 65-70. 18.5-21

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Climate Influences

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latitude, Altitude, seas, rivers, air , cloud fog and mist, mountains, slope and aspect, soil, weather, cool vintages, hot vintages, drought, high levels of rain, hail frost

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Growing Grapes

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training and pruning, irrigation,spraying, yield, harvest,

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Geographical Indications

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GIs. Defined area within a country. There are important differences between the GIs found in the European Union and the rest of the world.

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GIs inside the European Union

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Every GI in the EU comes with extra regulations that states what grapes can be grown as well as how the wines should be made.

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GIs in the EU are subdivided into two groups

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PDO: Protected Designation of Origin

PGI: Protected Geographical Indication

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PDOs

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Protected designation of origin cover relatively small areas and have tightly defined regulations .

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PGis

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Protected Geographical Indication typically cover a much wider area and have less strict regulations compared to PDOs.

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Other terms related to grape growing

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vintage, late harvest, botrytis/Nobel rot, icewine/eiswein