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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A system in which power is constitutionally divided between a central government and subnational or local governments.
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Federalism
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A system in which the central government has only the powers given to it by the subnational governments.
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confederal system
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A system in which the national government is supreme; subnational governments are created by the national government and have only the power it allocates to them.
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unitary system
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The view that the Constitution was written by representatives of the people and and ratified by the people. Nation-centered federalists believe that the national government is the supreme power in the federal relationship. (Hamilton articulated this view in the Federalist Papers.) Nationcentered federalism was the view used by northerners to justify a war to prevent the southern states from seceding in 1861. The alternative view, statecentered federalism, holds that the Constitution is a creation of the states.
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nation-centered federalism
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A clause in the U.S. Constitution stating that treaties and laws made by the national government take precedence over state laws in cases of conflict
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supremacy clause
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The view that our Constitutional system should give precedence to state sovereignty over that of the national government. State centered federalists argue that that the states created the national government and the states are superior to the federal government.
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state-centered federalism
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The idea that the Constitution created a system in which the national government and the states have separate grants of power with each supreme in its own sphere.
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dual federalism
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A Constitutional amendment giving Congress power to levy taxes on personal income
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Sixteenth Amendment
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A program of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930s aimed at stimulating economic recovery and aiding victims of the Great Depression; led to expansion of the national government’s role.
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New Deal
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The day-to-day cooperation among federal, state, and local officials in carrying out the business of government.
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cooperative federalism
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The delegation of authority by the national government to lower units of government (such as at the state and local level) to make and implement policy.
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Devolution
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Federal money provided to state and, occasionally, local governments for community development and to establish programs to help people such as the aged poor or the unemployed; began during the new deal.
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grants-in-aid
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The idea of states as places for policy experimentation
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states as laboratories
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Blanket exemptions that free states from federal program standards and requirements and give them greater latitude to set standards and eligibility requirements. Has been applied to welfare programs
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superwaiver
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Federal laws that require the states to do something without providing full funding for the required activity.
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unfunded mandates
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A clause in the U.S. Constitution that requires the states to recognize contracts that are valid in other states.
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full faith and credit clause
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The grant of considerable autonomy to a local government.
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home rule
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A means for placing policy questions on state ballots and having them decided directly by voters
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ballot initiative
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Constitutional amendment stating that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states and to the people. This amendment has generally not had much impact, though a few recent Supreme Court cases have referred to it.
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Tenth Amendment
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