Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
primary sources
|
written at the time of the event
ex:diary entry |
|
|
secondary sources
|
written after the fact
ex: text book |
|
|
archaeologist
|
studies the remains of ancient civilization
|
|
|
botanist
|
studies the pollen of ancient plants
|
|
|
chemist
|
uses radio carbon dating and potassium argon dating to determine the age of something
|
|
|
geologist
|
describes the changes in the earths surface over time
|
|
|
linguist
|
studies ancient languages and ancient writings
|
|
|
paleoanthropologist
|
studies the biological and cultural development of humans
|
|
|
how did early humans live?
|
nomadic hunter gatherers, followed food supply, small population, limited use of technology.
|
|
|
neolithic revolution
|
set up agriculture>>stable food source>> larger population>>growth of technology>> specialization>>permanent shelters>>trade>>cultural diffusion >> CIVILIZATION
|
|
|
river valleys
|
civilizations formed along rivers because of fertile soil, transportation and trade
|
|
|
what river was ancient egypt along?
|
the nile
|
|
|
which way does the nile flow?
|
south to north
|
|
|
what kind of government did ancient egypt have?
|
monarchy
|
|
|
hieroglyphics
|
form of writing in ancient egypt
|
|
|
mummification
|
way of preserving kings given everything that it was believed they would need in the after life
|
|
|
where was mesopotamia
|
in between the tigris and euphrates rivers
|
|
|
what is modern day mesopotamia
|
Iraq and parts of Iran and syria
|
|
|
how was mesopotamia set up?
|
separate city states each with their own government
|
|
|
rrhaphy
|
suturing; repairing
|
|
|
hamurabi's code
|
first codified law
|
|
|
ziggurat
|
temple for the gods
|
|
|
Zoroaster
|
founder of first monotheistic religion
|
|
|
what modern countries was the indus valley on
|
Modern India and mostly Pakistan
|
|
|
monsoon
|
wind system that brings rain in the summer and dry winds in the winter
|
|
|
which two river valleys did monsoon effect?
|
Indus valley and ancient china
|
|
|
sanskrit
|
indus valley language
|
|
|
hinduism
|
belief in reincarnation and cast system
|
|
|
what is the cast system?
|
the social class you are in, you stay in your whole life
|
|
|
what kind of culture do the ancient chineses have?
|
homogenous
|
|
|
mandate of heaven
|
god chose rulers, people would like them if they were good, but would over throw them if they were bad
|
|
|
how many countries does the nile flow through
|
eight
|
|
|
how many places does the nile cataract in
|
six
|
|
|
what is the third largest ocean
|
the indian ocean
|
|
|
which sea were ancient egyptians afraid to sail on
|
the Mediterranean
|
|
|
what does the mediterranean divide
|
europe to the north
asia to the east africa to the south |
|
|
what ocean is the red sea linked to and how
|
the india ocean by the gulf of aden
|
|
|
what is significant about the red sea(religiously)
|
moses parted it to escape from egypt
|
|
|
what do the taurus mountains border
|
the anatolian plateau
|
|
|
where is the anatolian plateau
|
asia and part of turkey
|
|
|
what are the taurus mountains sources of?
|
tin and copper
|
|
|
where is the persian gulf
|
between the arabian peninsula and iran arm of the arabian sea
|
|
|
what is the persian gulf used for
|
shipping oil
|
|
|
where does the tigris river originate
|
the taurus mountains
|
|
|
where does the tigris river flow through
|
east Iraq and then meets euphrates
|
|
|
is the tigris navigable
|
yes
|
|
|
is the euphrates navigable
|
no
|
|
|
where does the euphrates originate
|
central turkey
|
|
|
what is the euphrates important for
|
fertile land
|
|
|
where are the zagros mountains
|
western iran
|
|
|
what is produced in the libyan desert
|
wines and agricultural products
|
|
|
oasis
|
areas in a desert that have an underground water source
|
|
|
where is the arabian peninsula
|
eastern egypt
|
|
|
what land forms does the arabian peninsula have?
|
mountains
|
|
|
what were the mountains of the arabian peninsula used for?
|
granite and feldspar
|
|
|
where is the sinai peninsula
|
it connects asia and africa
|
|
|
what is the religious significance of the sinai peninsula
|
moses got the 10 commandments there
|
|
|
where is the dead sea
|
between Israel and jordan
|
|
|
what what is the lowest altitude on earth
|
the dead sea
|
|
|
where is the jordan river
|
syria
|
|
|
where does the jordan river flow
|
south through the sea of galilee to the dead sea
|
|
|
when is the jordan river the deepest/shallowest
|
deepest: rainy season
shallowest: summer |
|
|
where do the lebanon mountains run
|
parallel to the Mediterranean sea
from lebanon to syria |
|
|
what are the lebanon mountains famous for
|
cedar trees
|
|
|
where is the Negev desert
|
south Israel
|
|
|
what is the religious significance of the Negev desert
|
the jews walked across it for 40 years
|
|
|
where is the nile delta
|
northern egypt
|
|
|
what was the nile delta used for
|
it was used for its fertile soil
|
|
|
where is the nubian desert
|
southeast egypt between the nile and the red sea
|
|
|
who was the nubian desert controlled by before the egyptians
|
the kingdoms of kush and nubia
|
|
|
OPEC
|
organization of petroleum exporting countries
|
|
|
monotheism
|
belief in one god
|
|
|
judgment day
|
the last day when all people are subject to judgment and light will conquer dark
|
|
|
who believes in judgment day?
|
christians and muslims
|
|
|
who was jesus arrested by
|
soldiers of san hedrin
|
|
|
holy trinity
|
god is the father son and the holy spirit
|
|
|
mecca
|
the holiest sight in Islam
|
|
|
medina
|
the second holiest sight in islam
|
|
|
in islam jesus is a ________
|
prophet
|
|
|
what writings is the quaran based off of
|
christian and jewish writings
|
|
|
kabba
|
black cube said to be built by adam and then rebuilt by abraham and ishmael
|
|
|
Quaraysh
|
powerful local tribe
|
|
|
what did the quaraysh use the kabba for
|
storing idols
made people pay too store items there |
|
|
what tribe was muhammad's uncle in
|
quaraysh
|
|
|
what was muhammad's first revelation
|
he was taken by the angel gabriel up to heaven where he talked to god
|
|
|
why was the quaraysh threatened by muhammad
|
because he taught against idolatry and the quaraysh made money off of storing idols in the kabba
|
|
|
Hijra
|
Muhammad's night journey
|
|
|
Hajj
|
Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina
|
|
|
what are the five pillars
|
shahad
salat zakat sawm hajj |
|
|
shahada
|
only one god
|
|
|
salat
|
daily worship; 5 times a day
|
|
|
zakat
|
give charity
|
|
|
sawm
|
you must fast during ramadan
|
|
|
hajj
|
all muslims must make the pilgrimage to mecca
|
|
|
how was islam spread
|
arabs spread carrying the religion
|
|
|
Abu-Bakr
|
Muhammad's good friend
|
|
|
how were people almost forced to change religions?
|
they had to pay a tax to keep their religion
|
|
|
what do sunni's believe
|
they follow Muhammad's example
|
|
|
what to shi'ites believe
|
they do as Muhammad said
believed the successor should be related |
|
|
why did the Sunni's and Shi'ites split?
|
arguments over the successors and who practices Islam correctly
|
|
|
sharia law
|
islamic law based off of the quaran
|
|
|
Golden age of Islam
|
wealthy trade system
|
|
|
what was a benefit of the golden age of islam
|
cultural diffusion
|
|
|
who were the seljuk turks
|
nomads from the steppes of central asia
|
|
|
who do the sejuks encounter
|
persians and byzantinians
|
|
|
what do the seljuks adopt
|
islam
|
|
|
Saladin
|
a kurd led to fight against the crusaders
|
|
|
what is the goal of the crusaders
|
to take all of the christian holy sights back
|
|
|
despite loosing the war, what do the crusaders gain?
|
new trade routes, food, dress
|
|
|
where are the mongols from
|
central asia
|
|
|
who led the mongols
|
genhis kahn
|
|
|
pax mongolia
|
spread of peace throughout the mongol empire ater brutally conquering it
|
|
|
physiological warfare
|
sending spies to see what the conditions were and to frighten the opponent
|
|
|
who destroyed the mongols and who led the group
|
baybars led the mamelukes
|
|
|
Timmur the lame
|
conquerer for islam, claimed to be descended from Kahn
|
|
|
who led the ottoman
|
Suleiman the magnificent/lawgiver
|
|
|
istanbul was________
|
constantinople
|
|
|
janissary
|
army of slaves
|
|
|
Roxelana
|
Suleiman's wife
|
|
|
how did roxelana lead to the down fall of the ottoman empire
|
she convinced S that his son/soon to be successor was plotting against him, so he killed him and then made her son his successor and he led the empire to its downfall
|
|
|
nationalism
|
pride in your country
can lead to extreme nationalism |
|
|
imperialism
|
the political, social, or economic domination of a weaker nation by a militarily stronger one
|
|
|
what started WWI
|
the assassination of archduke franz Ferdinand of austria hungary by a serb group
|
|
|
how does WWI finally destroy the Ottomans
|
the ottoman were on the loosing side of germany and austria hungary.
|
|
|
mandate system
|
league of nations awarded land to allied countries to "prepare" them for independence, didn't work, the countries just colonized them
|
