Global Issues Test 1

Front 1

Levels of analysis domestic

Back 1

Concerns the aggregations, groups, of individuals within states that influence state actions in the international Arena.

Interest groups, political organizations, government agencies, voting patterns, etcetera

Front 2

Levels of analysis interstate

Back 2

Concerns the influence of the International System upon outcomes

Pays attention to the interactions of states and relative power positions, without examining their internal makeup

Front 3

Levels of analysis global

Back 3

Seeks to explain International outcomes in the terms of global Trends and forces that transcend the interactions of States themselves

Examples include technological Evolution, Global environmental issues, lingering effects of imperialism

Front 4

War in Iraq

Back 4

Individual is Bush

Domestic is neoconservatives

interstate is US power

Global is fear of terrorism or culture class

Front 5

Causality

Back 5

Proving that one thing causes another

Front 6

Core principles Collective Goods problem

Back 6

The problem of how to produce something that benefits all members of a group regardless of what each member contributes to it

Front 7

Solution to cgp dominance

Back 7

Solves Collective Goods Problem by establishing a power hierarchy in which those the top control those below

Front 8

Solution to cgp reciprocity

Back 8

Solves Collective Goods Problem by hoarding behavior that contributes to the group and punishing behavior that pursuit of self-interest at the expense of the group

Front 9

Solution to cgp Identity

Back 9

Solves Problem by forming identities of participants as members of a community. Members of an identity community care about the interests of others and the community enough to sacrifice their own interest to benefit others

Front 10

What caused the two World Wars?

Back 10

Everyone shows the offensive in fear of a quick defeat

Front 11

What did the Treaty of Versailles do?

Back 11

Ended World War 1 and force Germany to give up territory, pay reparations, limit arms, and admit guilt for the war

Front 12

What was the Munich agreement?

Back 12

1938, in order to appease German Ambitions, Britain and France agree to let Germany occupy sudetenland

Front 13

Why was the Treaty of Versailles a failure?

Back 13

Everyone else was dealing with revolutions, us isolationism, power vacuum

Front 14

What was the Yalta conference?

Back 14

A meeting held in 1945 by the UK, US, am Soviet Union to discuss post-war Europe

Soviet Union started to break all of its promises in this agreement

Front 15

What was the Marshall plan?

Back 15

1948, and fear of the Soviet Union gain control of Western Europe, the u.s. allocated financial aid to rebuild Western European economics

Front 16

What is NATO?

Back 16

Created in 1949 in response to growing tensions including the US Canada and Western Europe

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Front 17

What was the Warsaw Pact?

Back 17

1955, the alliance between the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc to counteract the NATO alliance after West Germany joined

Front 18

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Back 18

Khrushchev responded by putting missiles in Cuba

Kennedy chose to display US military power by creating a naval blockade

All of these escalated tensions, and the US begin building its personal Arsenal again Khrushchev responded by putting missiles in Cuba Kennedy chose to display US military power by creating a naval blockade . Soviet ships headed for Cuba turned back. The US agreed not to invade Cuba if Soviet Union back down . If us had used military force in Cuba, nuclear war may have occurred

Khrushchev responded by putting missiles in Cuba Kennedy chose to display US military power by creating a naval blockade . Soviet ships headed for Cuba turned back. The US agreed not to invade Cuba if Soviet Union back down . If us had used military force in Cuba, nuclear war may have occurred

. Soviet ships headed for Cuba turned back. The US agreed not to invade Cuba if Soviet Union back down

. If us had used military force in Cuba, nuclear war may have occurred

Front 19

The post-cold War era

Back 19

It was all about cooperation, stopping the spread of Communism, the balance of powers, and how to interact in certain situations

Front 20

Where did Arab Spring begin?

Back 20

It began with protests in Tunisia and Egypt which overthrew dictators

Front 21

The North and the South

Back 21

North more developed countries

South underdeveloped countries

Front 22

Globalization

Back 22

Characterized by high levels of interdependence in global integration

Front 23

Realism

Back 23

The theory which views international relations as the interaction of states of the pursuit of power

Front 24

Main points of realism

Back 24

States are primary actor. System is in Anarchy. Interest to defined as power. Relative power important. Self-interest. Self help. Rationality. Morality not a primary factor, power is most important. Pessimistic.

Front 25

Power

Back 25

The ability or potential to influence others Behavior, as measured by the possession of certain tangible as intangible characters

Front 26

Relative power

Back 26

A state can only have power in relation to another state. The ratio of power that two states can bring against each other.

Front 27

Thucydides

Back 27

Father of realism. Wrote an account of the Peloponnesian War. Athens grew in power, conquering neighboring Greek city-states, including the defiant Millions. Seeing this, Sparta forms an alliance. In turn, Athens saw the threat. It's focused on relative power. Competitive logic of power dictates the system.

Front 28

Soft power

Back 28

The ability to influence others to do what you want without the use of force or coercion

Front 29

Hard power

Back 29

The ability to use force or coercion to influence others to do what you want

Israel, bombs

Us, sanctions

Front 30

Anarchy

Back 30

Lack of a central government that can force rules

Front 31

Realism sovereignty

Back 31

The government has the right to do whatever it once with its own territory

Front 32

Norms

Back 32

The shared expectations of what behavior is considered acceptable

Front 33

Security dilemma

Back 33

State actions taken to ensure their own security threaten the security of other states

Front 34

Balance of power

Back 34

One or more States power being used to balance out of another state or group of states

Front 35

Power distribution polarity

Back 35

Number of independent power centers in the system

Front 36

Multipolar

Back 36

The world divided into multiple power centers, least able focus on multiple power centers

Front 37

Bipolar

Back 37

The world divided into two power centres, somewhat stable focus on one another

Front 38

Unipolar

Back 38

The world dominated by one power center, most stable focus on the only Power

Front 39

Power transition Theory

Back 39

Largest Wars result from challenges the top position and the status hierarchy

Front 40

Hegemony

Back 40

Dominance of one state over others

Front 41

Thirty Years War

Back 41

1618 through 1648, fight between Catholic and Protestant states of the fragmented Holy Roman Empire

Front 42

Treaty of Westphalia, 1648

Back 42

Established the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity

Front 43

Concert of Europe

Back 43

Major Powers attempted to cooperate on major issues and to prevent War, meeting occasionally as needed. Resulted from the Congress of Vienna in 1815

Front 44

The waning of War

Back 44

Overall decline in the number of wars and in their intensity, as measured by the number of battle related deaths

Front 45

Liberalism

Back 45

The international relations Theory which assumes that states can interact peacefully, and attempts to explain how peace and cooperation are possible

Front 46

Primary assumptions of liberalism

Back 46

State's primary actors, but not only the ones that matter. States are rational and self-interested. System in Anarchy but can be overcome their cooperation. States are rational and self-interested. Interdependence. Reciprocity. Mutual gains the cooperation not relative gains. Optimism.

Front 47

Immanuel Kant

Back 47

Perpetual peace, 1795. Kantian Triangle- international law, states develop International institutions which facilitate cooperation. Democracy, peace depends on regime type and ideology. Economic interdependence, trade increase his wealth cooperation and Global well-being

Front 48

Reciprocity

Back 48

Expect each side to act the same

Front 49

Mutual gains and relative gains

Back 49

Mutual gains through cooperation not relative gains

Front 50

Regime

Back 50

Set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge and a certain issue area. Status quo. Informal institutions

Front 51

Collective security

Back 51

Formation of a broad Alliance of most major actors in the International System for the purpose of jointly opposing aggression by any actor

Front 52

Democratic peace Theory

Back 52

Democracies are not likely to fight each other

Front 53

Constructivism

Back 53

The theory that assumes actions and policies are based upon how actors interpretor or construct formation

Front 54

Marxism

Back 54

The theory which views international relations of the struggle between states representing Elites interested in controlling territory, people, and resources

Front 55

Proletariat

Back 55

Working class

Front 56

Bourgeoisie

Back 56

Elites

Front 57

Security

Back 57

Protection against threats from other actors, centered around survival

Front 58

Defense

Back 58

Protection against enemy attack

Front 59

Deterrence

Back 59

A threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain stand

Front 60

Détente

Back 60

Attempt to relax tensions

Front 61

Disarmament

Back 61

Elimination of existing weapons

Front 62

Alliance

Back 62

Coalitions of states that coordinate their actions to accomplish an end

Front 63

What is the purpose of an alliance?

Back 63

To increase individual members Power by pulling capability, generally formed in response to perceived threat, form for convenience based on national interests

Front 64

Issues between NATO and Russia

Back 64

Many members of NATO from Old Eastern Bloc, us shifting some operations to Eastern Europe, Russia threatened US forces move closer to borders and further divide Eastern Europe from Russia, Russia has begin expanding military relations with States critical of us especially China

Front 65

The US Japanese security treaty

Back 65

United States maintains nearly 50,000 troops in Japan, Japan pays United States several billion dollars annually to offset about half the cost of maintaining troops, created in 1951 during Korean War to protect Japan against potential Soviet threat, very asymmetrical because the United States defends Japan if attacked by Japan not similarly obligated

Front 66

Weapons of mass destruction

Back 66

Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Front 67

Weapons of mass destruction

Back 67

Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Front 68

Proliferation

Back 68

Spread of weapons of mass destruction in the hands of more actors

Front 69

What is the purpose of weapons of mass destruction

Back 69

Deterrence

Front 70

Primary effects of weapons of mass destruction

Back 70

Initial blast, heat, radiation, EMP

Front 71

First and second strike capabilities

Back 71

First strike is an attack or one's Weaponry before they can be used. Second strike is the ability to use one's weapons even after they have taken first strike

Front 72

Effects of proliferation

Back 72

Makes each state vulnerable. No effective defense against nuclear weapons. Usually sure destruction. Others believe in the wrong hands, it could cause disaster. Large numbers of wmd now exists and development is constant. Arms races between major rivals

Front 73

Ballistic missiles

Back 73

Carry nuclear warheads at least 50 miles high to reach Target

Front 74

Mutually assured destruction

Back 74

Complete annihilation. Realists not concerned. States possessions of second strike capabilities which would allow for the use of nuclear weapons and ensure that neither could simply prevent one from destroying the other.

Front 75

Efforts to prohibit proliferation

Back 75

Small amount of effort. Non-proliferation treaty. 1968 International atomic energy agency of the UN. Force.

Front 76

Iran deal

Back 76

Agreement with the us, the UK, China, France, Russia, and Germany.

Front 77

Terrorism

Back 77

Violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately for the purpose of intimidating the population and affecting political change

Front 78

Purpose of terrorism

Back 78

To demoralise the civilian population in order to use its discontent as leverage on National governments or other parties to a conflict. Primary effect is psychological.

Front 79

Counter terrorism

Back 79

Tactics range from Economic Development to policing to military intervention