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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 types of occlusion
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atherosclerosis
thrombotic atherosclerosis embolus |
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Causes of non-occlusive vascular damage
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low BP
low volume |
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Occlusion or non-occlusion can lead to what?
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ischemia or infarction (w/ pain +/- bleeding)
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2 main causes of GI bleeding
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primary vascular dz
vascular complications of other dz |
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Upper GI bleed organs of origin
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esophagus
stomach duodenum |
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Lower GI bleed organs of origin
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small intestine
large intestine rectum anus |
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2 main dz states of esophageal bleeding
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varices
Mallory Weiss tear |
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Which veins are affected in esophageal varices?
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submucosal veins
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Etiologies of Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave syndrome
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vomiting (severe)
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Differentiate between Mallory-Weiss tear & Boerhaave syndrome.
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Boerhaave includes rupture of esophageal wall
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Pathogenesis of esophageal laceration
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inc intra-esophageal pressure
physical traumatic injury |
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3 main causes of stomach bleeding
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PUD
gastric cancer acute hemorrhagic gastritis |
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name for small intestine ischemic bowel disease
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mesenteric ischemia
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name for large intestine ischemic bowel disease
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ischemic colitis
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Etiologies of ischemic bowel dz
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occlusive (a >v, SMA>IMA)
non-occlusive (hypotension, hypovolemia) |
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Pathogenesis of ischemic bowel dz
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acute or chronic
dec of oxygenated blood, leads to ischemia/infarct |
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Common population of ischemic bowel dz
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elderly, presents w/ pain
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Ischemic bowel dz on gross path
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dusky, congested appearance (usually sharp between normal and infarcted)
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ischemic bowel dz on histopath
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coagulative necrosis
variable depth distended submucosal veins, RBC extravasation |
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Meckel's diverticulum key points of epidemiology
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2% of pop (more males)
symptomatic by 2yo |
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Congenital etiology with Meckel diverticulum
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congenital retention of vitelline duct
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Pathogenesis of Meckel Diverticulum
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ectopic gastric mucosa or pancreatic tissue (can lead to peptic ulceration and bleeding)
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Path location of Meckel diverticulum
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within 2 ft of ileocecal valve
2 cm in length (in ileum) |
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Etiology of angiodysplasia
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AV malformation
can be congenital or acquired |
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Epidemiology of angiodysplasia
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elderly
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Pathogenesis of angiodysplasia
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thin walls, prone to rupture
often in cecum & R colon |
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Hemorrhoid etiology
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inc venous P (pregnancy or constipation)
hereditary predisposition |
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Path of hemorrhoids
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inc pressure in hemorrhoidal plexi
superior plexus->internal inferior plexus->external |
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Etiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma
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HHV-8
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Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma
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HIV AIDS, immunosuppressed, Mediterranean males
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Pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma
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infected endothelial cells->unregulated growth
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Histopath of Kaposi's
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spindle cells (malignant)
blood filled vascular spaces |
