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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What lies between the two muscularis propria layers?
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Auerbach's plexus (parasympathetic ganglia)
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Where is the GI tube made of skeletal muscle?
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beginning and end (esophagus/anus)
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When is the inner lining of GI tube considered adventitia?
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When CT blends in with CT of neighbors
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Which layers make up the mucosa?
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Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
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In what two layers do blood vessels run?
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Lamina propria and submucosa (think CT)
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2 main cancer types in GI tract?
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squamous CA and adenoCA
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Where will motility disorders be located?
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muscularis propria
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Most common injury to GI tract?
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injury to luminal wall -> necrosis
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Differentiate between erosion and ulcer
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erosion is superficial, only mucosa
heals w/o scar |
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Etiologies of GI stenosis
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congenital
fibrosis/scar neoplasms |
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Difference in presentation of GI stenosis. (esophagus v. remainder)
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esophagus presents as dysphagia
remainder is an obstruction |
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Where is esophagus in the thorax?
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posterior mediastinum
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Color and lymphatics of esophagus
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shiny, white-tan
rich lymphatics |
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Where is skeletal muscle in esophagus?
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upper 1/3
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Does esophagus have serosa or adventitia?
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adventitia (blends in)
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Majority of hiatal hernia types
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sliding
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Etiology of HH
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usually acquired, rarely congenital
-weakening of hiatal opening, ab conditions pushing stomach |
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Causes of esophagitis
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Infections (candida, CMV, herpes)
drug/pill corrosive eosinophilic reflux (GERD) |
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Most common predisposing conditions for infectious esophagitis
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immunocompromised
DM, ETOH, inc age, systemic antibiotics |
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What is the most common esophageal pathogen?
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candida
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Gross path of candida
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superficial white plaques=pseudomembranes
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3 components of histopath for esophageal candida
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candida pseudohyphae
PMNs necrotic debris |
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Recognizing candida
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difficult on H&E
PAS stain (reddened rods) (spaghetti and meatballs) |
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Gross path of herpes 1
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vesicles
erosions/ulcers plaques |
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Histopath of herpetic esophagitis
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infects keratinocytes
ground glass nuclear inclusions margination of chromatin in nucleus some are multinucleared w/ molding |
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gross path of CMV esophagitis
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erosions/ulcers
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Histopath of CMV
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infects lamina propria
replicated viral material collects in infected cells in nucleus and cyto-megaly (nuclear inclusions) |
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Where do pills often get caught in pill esophagitis?
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mid-distal
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secondary causes of pill esophagitis
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dysmotility
stricture nature of med itself little accompanying food/H2O recumbent position |
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When does chemical esophagitis occur?
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suicide in adults, accidental ingestion in children
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Which solutions are the worst for path?
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alkaline solutions (worst)> acids >alkaline solids
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What kind of necrosis do alkaline liquids cause?
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liquefactive necrosis
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What kind of necrosis do acids cause?
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coagulative necrosis (protective)
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How is severity of chemical esophagitis graded?
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1st -3rd degree
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Histopath of eosinophilic esophagitis
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intraepithelial inflammation w/ eosinophils
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Where is most exposed in GERD?
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distal esophagus
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Presentation on gross path of GERD?
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erythema
can have erosions or ulcers |
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Histopath inflammation
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PMNs, eosinophils
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Barrett esophagus changes
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stratified squamous to intestinal columnar epithelium
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