Gerontology Midterm

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gerontology

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The scientific study of aging and the problems associated with it, whether it is sociological, psychological, pathological, biophysical, etc.

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gerontologist

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An individual who studies the aging process on both older people and the social structure.

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aging on the basis of years from birth

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chronological aging

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physical changes that reduce the efficiency of the organ system

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biological aging

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changes that occur in sensory and perceptual processes, mental functioning, adaptive capacity, and personality.

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psychological aging

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individual’s changing role and relationships in the social structure

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social aging

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geriatrics

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A specialized part of the field of health care addressing the social, psychological and biophysical health aspects and problems of elderly persons.

Focused on how to prevent or manage the diseases of aging

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geriatrician

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Health care provider specializing in the care of elderly patients

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process of gradual and spontaneous change resulting in maturation and then decline is called

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aging

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what is programmed aging

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something inside of us that controls the mechanisms of elderliness and deterioration

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what is wear and tear aging

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sum of the effects of environmental assaults

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what is senescence

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loss of cell dvision, growth, and fxn over time

degenerative processes of aging

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changes attributed to aging itself

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normal aging

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complex of diseases and impairemnts that characterize the elderly

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usual aging

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deleterius effects are minimized, preserving function until senescence makes continued life impossible; remain fxn physically and mentally

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successful aging

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what 3 things occurs in normal aging

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glucose intolerance
cognitive loss
tooth loss

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what are diseases of elderly that look like normal aging

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Diabetes
HTN
Dementia
Heart Disease

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what does the Haylick limit say

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cells lose their ability to divide over time

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what is inhibition

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fibroblasts stop diving after a certain number of divisions

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what is the ability to replicate based on

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biological age

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what happens to telomeres in cell division

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shorten each time cell divides; stops dividing when become too short

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mRNA promotes

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increase in life span by acting as tumor supression gene

if mutated get uncontrolled cell division

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name the types of cells that don not divide

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neurons
muscle

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cells that divide very little

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immune
endocrine

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cells that divide frequently and not affected by Hayflick limit

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skin
endothelial lining of intestinal tract

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hayflick limits is based on

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cellular and molecular aging

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process due to physical or chemical insult which cause proteolysis and rupture of cell and its contents; cell can no longer transform external energy

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necrosis

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a regulated process (genetics) by which cell commits suicide via fragmentation of DNA by deoxyribonuclease

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apoptosis

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apoptosis is seen in what diseases

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glaucoma

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name the 9 theories of aging

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Free Radical
Cellular Garbage
Program
Wear and Tear
Cross Linkage
Rate of living
Weak link
Error Catastrophe
Master Clock

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theory that states that entropy producing agent slowly wears away at cell causing deleterious and irreversible damage

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free radical theory

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what are free radicals

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by product of oxidation that has unpaired electron; highly reactive causing changes in membrane structure and chromosomes

oxidative damage increases overtime

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role of glucose in senescence

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promotes it thru nonenzymatic attachment to proteins and nucleic acids

causes glycation of proteins
reduces bgl

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theory that states that a gradual accumulation of inert substances made in cell metabolism interfere with normal fxn cells causing displacement of cytolasmic contents

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cellular garbabge theory

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name the major cellular waste product

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lipofusin

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what does lipofusin do to promote aging

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lots of cross links

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lipofusin is what

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brown yellow pigment

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where in the eye is lipofusin seen

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retina
macula

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theory that states the aging is porgrammed in us and is controlled and cell death is inherent

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aging by program theory

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in the aging by program theory what is the structure that controls aging

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hypothalamus

decreases in fxn with age

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what gland decreases in size w/ age

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thymus gland

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the aging by program theory states what about mRNA, tRNA, enzymes

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made early in life and can not be replenished once used

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theory that states that each person has a specific amount of metabolic energy available and the rate wat which this energy is used determines length of life

harmful byproducts accumulate

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wear and tear theory

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what does the wear and tear theory state in relation to caloric intake

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decrease intake - increases life span in rats

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theory that states that smaller animals have higher BMR and thus die earlier

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rate of living theory

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theory that states that a specific physilogical system is most vulnerable during senescence and when that system fails a cascade of effects accelerated the dysfxn of the entire organism

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weak link theory

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name 2 examples that are weak links

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neuroedocrine system
immune system

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theory that states that errors in DNA transcription or RNA translation lead to genetic errors that promote senescence

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error catastrophe theory

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theory that states that aging is under direct genetic control; survival of the fittest

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master clock theory

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young old

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65-74

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middle old

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75-84

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old old

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>= 85

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what has happened to the elderly population in the US btw 1900-2000

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increased

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in the year 2011 when the baby boomers turn 65, what will happen to the elderly pop in the US

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growth rate of elderly will be > than the total pop

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which group has grown more rapidly than any other grouo and will be even greater in 2050

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old old

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centenarians

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>=100

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probability estimate based on env conditions like dz and health care

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life expectancy

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max # yrs a given species could expect to live if env hazards are eliminated

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max life expectancy

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MLE for women

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125yrs

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MLE influenced by what factors

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heredity
medical tx
lifestyle
env toxins