Geology Test Set 2

Front 1

volcano

Back 1

a vent at which melt from inside the earth shoots from

Front 2

lava

Back 2

earth melt once it breaches the surface

Front 3

lava flow

Back 3

lava trails of hot red/orange liquid

Front 4

igneous rock

Back 4

rock made by freezing of a melt

Front 5

magma

Back 5

melt that exists below the earths surface

Front 6

intrusive igneous rock

Back 6

prefrozen melt that is pushed into the crust

Front 7

extrusive igneous rock

Back 7

lava frozen after a lava flow

Front 8

volcanic ash

Back 8

volcanic debris. particles of glass that instantly freezes when shot into the air

Front 9

geotherm

Back 9

measuring depth of the earth to determine temperature

Front 10

partial melting

Back 10

only part of a rock is melted to produce magma

Front 11

assimilation

Back 11

when portions of a volcano are formed into magma

Front 12

fractional crystallization

Back 12

progressive crystal formation and settling

Front 13

dike

Back 13

intrusion that injects across bedding

Front 14

sill

Back 14

intrusion that injects parallel across bedding

Front 15

laccolith

Back 15

blister shaped injection

Front 16

plutons

Back 16

irregular or blob like insertions ranging in size

Front 17

batholiths

Back 17

immense masses of igneous rock

Front 18

stoping

Back 18

formation of rock wall which breaks off into a magma pool, forming a block of rock that can be melted once again

Front 19

xenolith

Back 19

when a stopped block is surrounded by a new type of rock

Front 20

crystalline igneous rocks

Back 20

rocks with an interlocking texture

Front 21

fragmental igneous rocks

Back 21

chunks of rocks which are fused together

Front 22

glassy igneous rock

Back 22

rocks formed by glass

Front 23

pegmatite

Back 23

very course grained igneous rock

Front 24

vesicles

Back 24

open spaces in frozen lava

Front 25

pyroclastic rocks

Back 25

fragmental rocks formed of debris

Front 26

pahoehoe

Back 26

hawaiian word for glassy rope like lava ridges

Front 27

columnar jointing

Back 27

final lava cooling when hexagonal columns are formed

Front 28

lapilli

Back 28

very small fragments of glassy lava and scoria

Front 29

bombs

Back 29

large to massive flying rocks

Front 30

tephra

Back 30

unconsolidated deposits of pyroclastic grains

Front 31

tuff

Back 31

ash or ash mixed with lapilli

Front 32

ignimbrite

Back 32

a sheet of tuff

Front 33

lahar

Back 33

very wet mixtures of ash, course debris, and water that form a slurry mixture

Front 34

caldera

Back 34

an empty volcano

Front 35

stratovolcanoes

Back 35

large cone-shaped composite volcanoes

Front 36

flood basalt

Back 36

vast lava sheets

Front 37

large igneous province

Back 37

large lava settling to the size of a mountain.

Front 38

active volcanoes

Back 38

eruption was or will be recent

Front 39

dormant volcanoes

Back 39

not active for 100,000's of years

Front 40

sedimentary rock

Back 40

rock that forms at or near the surface

Front 41

clastic sedimentary rock

Back 41

rock fused by smaller rocks

Front 42

biochemical sedimentary rock

Back 42

rock made from shells

Front 43

organic sedimentary rock

Back 43

rocks made from carbon rich plants

Front 44

chemical sedimentary rock

Back 44

rock made from minerals that precipate

Front 45

conglomerate

Back 45

lithification of rounded clasts

Front 46

arkose

Back 46

sediment made from quartz and feldspar

Front 47

evaporites

Back 47

substance that forms rocks from water evaporation. i.e. salt

Front 48

strata

Back 48

several sedimentary beds formed together

Front 49

graded bed

Back 49

coarse sediment moving to fine towards the top