Geography Test 1

Front 1

Definition of Geography

Back 1

The study of Physical and a Human related phenomenon that are
1. rooted in the environment
2. reflected in the landscape
3. varied over space

Front 2

Types of environments

Back 2

physiosocial
biosocial
social

Front 3

Physiosocial

Back 3

human altered environment
- deforestation
-man made lakes
- soil exhaustion
- pollution

Front 4

Biosocial

Back 4

something that changes the natural order of things
-extinction
- genetically modifying foods
- agriculture
- domestication of animals

Front 5

Social

Back 5

any result of humans
- language
religion
culture
politics

Front 6

Aristotle

Back 6

(Greek)

Wrote The Ideal State

Environmental Determination: Things in the environment can affect humans and cultures

Front 7

Eratosphenes

Back 7

(Greek)
Librarian coined the word geography. Circumference of the earth--25000 miles

Front 8

Strabo

Back 8

(Greek)
Wrote book: Geography

first to make a living from geography.

Front 9

Pliny the elder

Back 9

(Roman)

wrote A Natural History

Front 10

Ptolemybig

Back 10

wrote A guide to Geography
recalculated the circumference of the earth. His was 30% smaller

Front 11

Han Dynasty

Back 11

(Chinese)
Sophisticated maps

Front 12

Ibn Battuta

Back 12

(Arab)
Traveled and made maps of what he saw

Front 13

T in O map

Back 13

big O with a T in the midde.

Asia, Europe, Africa on the outside, with the Black Sea, Red Sea And making the "t"

Front 14

Kant

Back 14

(german)

History varies through time as geography varies through space

Front 15

Johann Von Thunes

Back 15

Wealth farmer called the father of Economic geography wrote: The Isolated State

Front 16

Carl Ritter

Back 16

Wrote: Geography Cultural geopgraphy.

1st professor of geography

Front 17

Friedrich Ratzel

Back 17

Political geography wrote: In the Organic State
- Revived environmental determinism

Front 18

Paul Vidale De le Blanche

Back 18

Disagreed with Ratzel, came up with Possibleism : There are infinite possibilities of culterism regardless of the environment.

Front 19

Ellen Semple Churchill

Back 19

early pioneer in women's completing studies. Studied under Ratzel. Created Anrhropogeteography

Front 20

William Morris Davis

Back 20

gave us the stream cycle

Front 21

Cad Sauer

Back 21

landscape geographer
-morphology of landscapes

Front 22

GIS geographic information systems

Back 22

one that employs digital mapping powerful too. makes maps cheaply and easily.

Front 23

Latitude

Back 23

measurements of angular N & S of the equator

Front 24

Longitude

Back 24

E & W of the equator

Front 25

earth's tilt

Back 25

23 1/2 degrees

Front 26

June 21st.

Back 26

Summer Solcistice

Front 27

Sept 21

Back 27

Atumnal equinox

Front 28

December 21st

Back 28

Winter Solstice

Front 29

March 21st

Back 29

Vernal equinox

Front 30

1 degree of latitude =s

Back 30

about 69 miles

Front 31

Prime Meridian goes through

Back 31

greenwhich opposite at 180 degrees--- international dateline

Front 32

antipode

Back 32

exact opposite location from the starting point

Front 33

projection distort

Back 33

shapes
directions
areas
distances

Front 34

techniques for showing relief (impressionist)

Back 34

1. pictographic -> drawing pictures to show
2. Shading
3. Hachuring lines

Front 35

Techniques for showing relief
(objective)

Back 35

1. Colored tinting
2. contour maps
3.contour lines

Front 36

map is a .....

Back 36

graphical representation of the earth's surface on a flat surface
-try to communicate somethign to someone else

Front 37

types of maps

Back 37

planimetric:general use maps. w/ assortment of features. Doesn't show elevation
topographic: surface features map and lay of land
thematic: illustrating set of variables. not necessarily elevation.

Front 38

Purposes of maps

Back 38

locational
navigational
informational
humor
artistic
persuation

Front 39

TOADSLIGS

Back 39

T:title
O:Orientation
A: Author
D: Date
S: Scale
L: Legend
I: Index
G: Grid
S: Source

Front 40

Large Scale Maps

Back 40

Show alot of area

Front 41

4 Intersystemic Relationism

Back 41

inbedding
overlapping
tendency towards equillibrium
oven vs. closed

Front 42

Systems

Back 42

1. Boundary
2. Matter
3. Energy Sources
4. Processes

Front 43

Al. Wegener

Back 43

Plate tectonics
continental drift

Front 44

subduction

Back 44

ocean trenches continents run into each other and one goes under the other.

Front 45

antipole

Back 45

Latitude: Change Sign
Longitude: subtract from 180 and change sign

Front 46

Cylindrical

Back 46

Mercator --> Peter's projection

original

Front 47

4 aspects of a system

Back 47

1. Boundary
2. Matter
3. Energy
4.Processes

Front 48

4 intersystemic Relationships

Back 48

1. imbedding (hierarchal relationships)d
2. Overlapping
3. Equilibrium
4. Open vs. closed

Front 49

Alfred Wegener

Back 49

Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift
Zone of Divergence
Subduction Zone (ocean trenches)

Front 50

Liquid rock

Back 50

Magma

Front 51

Liquid rock on or near the surface

Back 51

Lava

Front 52

Scale
1st order

Back 52

largest, plates, continents

Front 53

Scale
2nd order

Back 53

next largest
mountain ranges

Front 54

Scale
3rd order

Back 54

smallest, single landforms, 1 mountain

Front 55

pahoehoe

Back 55

fast flowing

Front 56

A a

Back 56

chunky, breaks into rocks

Front 57

pyroelastic material

Back 57

cinders, ash

Front 58

shield volcano

Back 58

made up of fast flowing lava. example mauna loa in Hawaii

Front 59

cindercone

Back 59

solid material cinders and ash gas push out material and builds up on surface

Front 60

composite volcano

Back 60

may start as cinder cone, lava stabilizes it

mt. st. hele
visuvius

Front 61

Secondary effects of volcanoes

Back 61

mudlides
muee ardente (fire cloud)
Tsunami: japanese for harbor wave
Phreatic Explosion: Santorini Tambora Krakaloa

Front 62

Tsunami

Back 62

japanese for harbor wave

Front 63

Batholith

Back 63

Sierra Nevada Mts.
Adirondack Mts.

granite intrusive rock

Front 64

Diastropic Tectonic

Back 64

'to go through'

1. warp: causes surface to "down warp" Caused by glaciers, deltas. once pressure is gone, surface rebounds
2. Fold: Apply compression (converging plate techtonics) Alps. Rockies, Himalyans
Associated with Parallel Ridge and Valley Topography
3. Fault: Tension/forces (Divergence plate Boundary)

Front 65

lateral fault

Back 65

transform fault, horizontal San Andrease Fault California

Front 66

Gradational

Back 66

erosional: Picking up ground and moving it
transportation: wind, water, ice, waves
Deposition: breaking down into small bits

Front 67

Erosion

Back 67

Water
Channel flows down
she

Front 68

When floods transfer lightest particle fist---

Back 68

means that the water has ability to sort or grade what it moves

Front 69

classic Delta

Back 69

arculate Delta ex. Nile

Front 70

Pointed

Back 70

Tiber River

Front 71

estuarian Delta

Back 71

fills up, may eventually become delta delta

Front 72

alluvial Fan

Back 72

steep side and mountain

Front 73

ICE

Back 73

feature of erosion

Front 74

Abrasion

Back 74

sandpaper effect

Front 75

Terminal Moraine

Back 75

basic unit of glacial gradation

Front 76

Glacial Till

Back 76

Ground Moraine

Front 77

unconfined glaciers

Back 77

Condential Glaciation

Front 78

braided streamsL

Back 78

Multiple streams

Front 79

drumlins

Back 79

glacial erosion