Urban Geography - Test 1

Front 1

What cities are listed as "supercities"?

What is the problem associated with these cities?

Back 1

Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, Cairo, New Delhi, Tokyo

Overcrowding (unable to provide basic services such as water, housing, electricity)

Front 2

What are the following sets of cities associated with?

hellenic Athens, Renaissance Floence, Elizabethan London

classical Rome, Nazi Berlin

Back 2

great achievements of the human spirit

savage human degradation

Front 3

What helps to shape a city's character?

Back 3

A cultural setting

Front 4

What percentage of the world's population was urban in 1900? Today? In 2025?

Back 4

9%, almost 1/2, 2/3

Front 5

To study the city is also to examine _________ in which it exists.

Back 5

the society.

Front 6

Understanding the city is crucial in order to comprehend _______ _______.

Back 6

modern existence. (3)

Front 7

Poet John Ciardi's paradigm:

Back 7

must experience how all the complex elements fit together.

Front 8

100,000 years ago:

10,000 years ago:

3,000 years ago:

Today:

Back 8

Man has been around this long

Cities appear

Cities numerous

Most of the world's population in urban areas

Front 9

Man has been around this long

Cities appear

Cities numerous

Most of the world's population in urban areas

Back 9

100,000 years

10,000 years ago

3,000 years ago

Today

Front 10

Richard Henry Dana: Two Years Before the Mast (1862)

Back 10

Seagoing journal. Leaves San Francisco (Yerba Buena) 1835,
gold discovered in 1849,
Returns 1859, city is over 100,000

Front 11

Four Important Archeological Finds: (pg. 7)

Back 11

pre-Incan "Gran Pajaten" (disc. 1965) north of Lima, Peru

Pre-Columbian "Machu Picchu" (disc. 1911) south of Lima, Peru

London: 1997 10 excavation sites Around London Bridge -> Roman london

New York: Wall Street -> Dutch settlement of 1625

Front 12

Reactions to city are social in two senses: (pg. 8)

Back 12

First, it is the social environment of the city that generates them.

Second, they are social in that they are common; they resonate with most of us.

Front 13

Define "Urbanism":

Back 13

A concept referring to those social-psychological aspects of life, personality patterns, and behavioral adaptations influenced by the city.

Front 14

What Aristotleian notion did people find when cities began to appear? (pg. 9)

Back 14

"The good life"

Front 15

Urban geography: (pg. 9)

Back 15

the significance of the city’s location and natural resources

Front 16

• Urban Ecology: (pg.9)

Back 16

analyses how people spread out within an urban area

Front 17

The process by which a once-affluent area is robbed of its businesses, and low-income 'seedy' types take over: (pg.9)

Back 17

Invasion and Succession

Front 18

Define "culture": (pg.13)

Back 18

The basic beliefs, values, and technology that characterize a city in a particular historical era.

Front 19

Technological developments that led to the skyscraper: (pg.13)

Back 19

steel-frame buildings
electrically powered elevators

Front 20

Technilogical advinces leading to the suburb: (13)

Back 20

Superhighways or mass public transportation linking cities and suburbs

Front 21

Technological advances leading to superhighways and mass public transportation: (13)

Back 21

steel, railroads, electricity, private automobile.

Front 22

Difference between London and New York cabbies: (13)

Back 22

London: 1) many private cabbies (40%) own their own cabs, no animosity betwen cabbies and companies, 2) strict gov't regulation

New York: 1) few private cabbies, companies own everything 2) little gov't regulation

Front 23

What was the influence of the Industrial Revolution on the city?:

Back 23

City became important as a center of wealth.

Front 24

Until the 1960's, the study of the economics of land use was dependent on an _______ model

Back 24

ecological

Front 25

“Urban Political Economy”:

Back 25

theoretical emphasis focuses on investment decisions and economic trends that determine a city’s fortunes.

Front 26

(N. America) _________ cities have gained markedly in population in the last decade, while __________ and ________ cities have generally declined.

Back 26

“Sunbelt”
midwestern
northeastern

Front 27

Two N. American trends:(16)

Back 27

1) Move to “Sunbelt” cities from midwest and northeast cities
2) living in smaller cities or farther away from central cities

Front 28

What are two factors that account for the N. American trends to Sunbelt and smaller cities?

Back 28

Retirement
Exodus of business and industry from center cities

Front 29

What are reasons for the exodus of business and industry from center cities?

Back 29

escape:
high taxation
congestion
outmoded plants
high union wages
excessive heating costs (in the north)

Front 30

First manefestation of desire for "living space" in affordable housing occured in (two decades):

Back 30

1950s-1960s

Front 31

“Social Structure”: (18)

Back 31

the recurrent patterns of city life that are shaped significantly by the unequal distribution of important urban resources, including wealth, power, and prestige

Front 32

“Social Stratification”: (18)

Back 32

the hierarchical ranking of people in terms of valued resources.

Front 33

“Social Power”: (18)

Back 33

the ability to achieve one’s ends and to shape events.

Front 34

For those with considerable wealth, ________ _______ is often the experience of shaping their own lives. For poorer __________, many of whom are members of racial and ethnic minorities, life in ___ ____ is a grim matter of trying to cope with forces that seem overwhelming. (18)

Back 34

urban living
urbanites
the city

Front 35

Becouse cities concentrate everything human in a small space, they intensify the effects of _____, _____, ________, _______, and _____.

Back 35

class
race
ethnicity
gender
power

Front 36

“Urbanization”:

Back 36

the concentration of people in cities and other densely populated areas.

Front 37

In 1800, only ________ was a city of one million people.

Back 37

Beijing

Front 38

Today there are _____ cities where a million or more people reside.

Back 38

130

Front 39

The world's cities are growing by ____ ________ people per week

Back 39

one million

Front 40

By _____, more than 2/3 of the world's people wil live in an urban area.

Back 40

2025

Front 41

In the more __________ areas of the world, urban growth has slowed considerably.

Back 41

Industrialized.

Front 42

In 1960, the urban population of the US was _____%. In 2000, it was ______%.

This is an example of:

Back 42

69.9%
77%

the slower urbanization rate of industrialized nations.

Front 43

The area of greatest urban growth is now in the _________ ________. In _______ _______, ________, _______ _______, and _____.

Back 43

developing world

Latin America
Africa
Middle East
Asia

Front 44

In many cities of the developing world, material living standards are _________ ________. (22)

Back 44

appallingly low

Front 45

"Gentrification": (348)

Back 45

The movement of the affluent into older portions of the city.

Front 46

In the 1980's, several urban observers viewed postindustrial cities an increasingly characterized by two _____ ____ that fostered two dramatically unequal lifestyles; that of the _____ _____ and the ____ ______.

Back 46

labor markets
high-paid
low-paid

Front 47

roger Waldinger (1996) speaks about:

Back 47

The interdependance between the city's affluent and poor, and of how the instability in the labor market and then the transformation of the ethnic division of labor is leading to positive developments in postindustrial NY.

Front 48

Case study (NY): 4 things that make NY outstanding:

Back 48

1) Size (>8mil)
2) U.S.'s greatest concentration of business and finance (10% US Corp. have HQ in NY)
3) Largest U.S. port (has dominated commerce since early 1800s)
4) Diversity (> 50 foreign-language newspapers published)

Front 49

Case study (NY): Chronologically, NY was the ___ of the 5 magor colonial settlements:

Back 49

earliest

Front 50

Case study (NY):________ ________ entered the river named for him in ______.

Back 50

Henry Hudson
1609

Front 51

Case study (NY):NY was a small settlement by ______.

Back 51

1624