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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Bathymetry? |
The study of the ocean floor's topography |
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What is sonar? |
Sound Navigation and Ranging =a method that uses reflections of sound waves to study ocean topography |
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What is a continental shelf? |
an area of shallow water near continents |
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what is a huge submarine canyon? |
deep canyons carved by trubidity currents of dense water |
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what is an abyssal plain? |
a flat plain on the deep ocean floor covered with sediment |
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what is biogenous sediment? |
from dead organism (ooze = thick organic mud) |
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what is terrigenous sediment? |
sediment derived from continental erosion |
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what is hydrogenous sediment? |
sediment derived from dissolved minerals in water |
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What is a seamount? |
an underwater volcanic mountain |
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what is a guyot/tablemount? |
submerged volcanic island |
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what is a continental island? |
an island that is geologically attached to a continental plate |
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what is an oceanic island? |
a volcanic island that is not attached to a continental plate |
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what is a coral reef? |
a community of living and dead coral polyps |
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what is a zooxanthellae? |
a photosynthetic algae that live and nourish coral (they need warm water and shallow water) |
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What is a fringing reef? |
a reef in shallow waters near a shore |
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what is a barrier reef? |
a reef that is detached from the shore due to sea level rise |
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what is an atoll? |
a ring shaped island of coral reef sand around a submerged volcanic island |
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what are the dangers of coral? |
rapid sea level rise, dynamite fishing, mining, starfish, high sea temps, increasing acidity of oceans |
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what is a tsunami? |
a huge wave caused by an underwater earthquake or landslide |
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what is a forced wave? |
a wave that is pushed directly by the wind |
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what is a swell? |
a line of waves that have moved past the wind that cause them |
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what are waves of oscillations? |
deep ocean waves with little forward movement of water |
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what is a wave of translation? |
a wave being slowed by friction as they approach the shore |
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what is a swash? |
water surging on shore up the beach after a wave breaks |
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what is backwash? |
a return flow of water back down the beach |
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what is a wave refraction? |
bending of waves as they approach the shore |
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What are tefoni? |
rocks that have been sculpted by salt weathering/wedging |
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what is pneumatic pressure? |
air forced into cracks in rocks |
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what is a rip current? |
a channelized return flow of water back out to sea |
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how can the dip of strata layer affect erosion plausibility? |
faster erosion, beach leveled strata
slower erosion and steeper cliffs on land leveled strata |
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what is a notch? |
an indentation in a cliff base |
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how is coastal deposition affected by longshore currents? |
these currents move in parallel to the coast line causing very efficient erosional patterns |
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what is a spit? |
a sandy pennisula partically covering a bay |
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what is beach drifting? |
the movement of sediment down the beach due to the longshore current |
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what is a baymouth bar? |
a sandy bridge that completely covers a bay |
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what is tombolo? |
a reconnected sea-stack due to sand brought by the longshroe drift |
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what is urban planning? |
its the process that local governments use to determine the intensity and distribution of land uses |
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what is a planning commision? |
a group of 5-7 non-paid members who make land use decisions |
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what is a planning staff? |
the urban planners that support the planning commision in carrying out decisions |
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what is police power? |
the authority of local governments to restrict private land use for public benefit |
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what is a general plan? |
the long range plan of urban growth (updated every 10-15 years) |
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What are the 7 mandatory elements for urban planning? |
Land use Circulation Housing Conservation Open Space Noise Element Safety Element |
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What does the land use element entail? |
The proposed distributiopn and array of land uses |
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What does the circulation element entail? |
The proposed distribution of roads and utilities |
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What does the housing element entail? |
It is an analysis of housing needs within the city(req for low income housing) |
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What does the conservation element entail? |
It identifies resources (ex: groundwater) |
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What does the open space element entail? |
It sets aside land for parks or greenbelts |
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What does the noise element entail? |
It identifies and reduces noise hazards |
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What does the safety element entail? |
It identifies hazards; fires, earthquakes, or floods |
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What does the zoning ordinance or development code accomplish? |
It implements the general plan |
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What are conditional use permits? |
They allow planning commissions to look at land uses on a case by case basis ie: placing stripclubs and schools in different areas of the city for logical reasons |
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What is a Variance? |
It is a relief of zoning standards |
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how divided solids removed? |
by being incorporated into organisms or precipitating onto the ocean floor |
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what is the thermocline? |
a transition zone @ -980 ft till -3,300 ft where temp decreases rapidly with depth |
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what is pycnocline? |
a transition zone @ -980ft to -3,300ft where pressure increases dramatically w/ depth |
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what is bathymetry? |
the study of the topography of the ocean floor |
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what is a active margin coast?
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a coast near tectonic plate boundaires where uplift has occured aka coast of emergence |
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what is a coast of emergence? |
area where the land has risen |
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what is a narine terrace? |
a series of uplifted wave-cut benches and wave built terraces |
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what is a passive margin coast? |
a coast that is not at tectonic plate boundaries aka coast of submergence |
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what is a coast of submergence? |
areas where rising sea level is flooding the coastline |
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what is a rias? |
a drowned river valley flooded by rising sea levels (chesapeake bay) |
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what is an estuary? |
an area where fresh water and salty water meet and mix -many endemic species |
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what is halophytic vegetation? |
vegetation that's adapted to living in salty or brackish water environments |
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what is a stratified estuary? |
there is no tidal mixing |
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what is a barrier island? |
an island of sand that's parallel to a coastline built by storm waves |
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what is soft coastal protection? |
adding sand to the beach aka beach nourishment |
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what is hard coastal protection? |
sea walls, or rip raps (giant boulders used to protect the coast) |
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what is a jetty? |
a peninsula used to trap sand and protect a harbor |
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what is breakwater? |
an island of rip rap parallel to the coastline |
