Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
deCODE (biotechnology company)
|
creating database that contains health, geological, and genetic information of approx. 270 000 residents of Iceland
|
|
|
basic subunits of which DNA is composed of
|
nucleotides
|
|
|
largest category of proteins
|
enzymes
|
|
|
characteristics of model organisms
|
availability of mutant strain
easy growth and maintenance short reproductive cycle many offspring per female |
|
|
fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases necessary for double-stranded nature of its structure
|
complementarity
|
|
|
class of enzymes that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
|
restriction enzymes
|
|
|
alternative forms of a gene
|
alleles
|
|
|
collective name of various characteristics of organisms that result from genetic makeup
|
phenotype
|
|
|
organisms that are well understood from scientific standpoint and used in basic biological research
|
model organisms
|
|
|
features of DNA that suit it for its role as hereditary molecule
|
able to replicate
informational content stability while still able to mutate/change |
|
|
bivalents formed during meiosis of organisms with 2n chromosomes
|
n
|
|
|
n primary spermatocytes
|
2n secondary spermatocytes, 4n sperm cells
|
|
|
n primary oocytes
|
n secondary oocytes, n first polar bodies
|
|
|
n units of DNA in G1 - how much during metaphase I?
|
2n
|
|
|
side-by-side alignment of homologous chromosomes
|
synapsis
|
|
|
homologous chromosomes have in common
|
same length, placement of centromere, bonding pattern, autoradiographic pattern, code for same gene
|
|
|
mitosis: phases
|
prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase |
|
|
mitosis: checkpoints
|
G1/S
G2/M M |
|
|
checkpoint: G1/S
|
monitors size of cell, condition of DNA - if cell size is not normal or DNA is damaged, cell cycle stops until fixed
|
|
|
checkpoint: G2/M
|
if replication is incomplete or DNA is damaged, cycle is arrested
|
|
|
checkpoint: M
|
monitors formation of spindle fiber and attachment of fibers to kinetochore - if improperly formed or inadequately attached, mitosis arrested
|
|
|
meiosis: stages of prophase I
|
leptonema
zygonema pachynema diplonema diakinesis |
|
|
centromere location: metacentric
|
middle
|
|
|
centromere location: submetacentric
|
between middle and end
|
|
|
centromere location: acrocentric
|
close to end
|
|
|
centromere location: telocentric
|
at end
|
|
|
Mendel's postulates
|
1. unit factors in pairs
2. dominance/recessiveness 3. segregation 4. independent assortment |
|
|
continuous variation
|
offspring are blend of parents' phenotypes
|
|
|
discontinuous variation
|
dominance-recessive relationship between units
|
|
|
chromosomal theory of inheritance
|
genetic material in living organisms is contained in chromosomes
|
