Genetics - Chapter 1 Introduction

Front 1

What are the 4 properties of the information of genes?

Back 1

1. Diversity of structure
2. Ability to replicate
3. Mutability
4. Translation

Front 2

Diversity of structure

Back 2

-must be capable of existing in an immense number of different forms
-must be information about the development of all the different cell types, tissues, organs, and biochemical processes that characterize the species

Front 3

Ability to replicate

Back 3

-will produce immense numbers of gametes that contain information needed to make another generation of mice.
-mechanism of replication that copies information from parent to offspring.

Front 4

Mutability

Back 4

-some time in the past there must have arisen mutations that altered some of the information passes between parents and offspring, must be inherited.
-minor alterations

Front 5

Translation

Back 5

-take place in the development of the organism and in some parts of the organism but not others.
-genes: inherit information

Front 6

Mutations

Back 6

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
• a distinct form resulting from such a change.

Front 7

Gene

Back 7

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
-located at different spots along the chromosomes.

Front 8

Genome

Back 8

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
• the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Front 9

Gregor Mendel

Back 9

published the result of his experiment on crosses between strains having inherited variations in the garden pea in 1865.
-inferred the existence of desecrate "factors" that carried the information specifying the development of organisms was contained in the chromosomes of the cell nucleus.

Front 10

Patterns of inheritance of characters in crosses between strains with different inherited variants

Back 10

corresponded to the patterns of the distribution of chromosomes into gametes

Front 11

Genetic analysis

Back 11

the key is to examine the effects of mutations.
-bombarding an organism with X rays or treating it with chemicals would induce large numbers of inherited mutations with clear effects on the morphology of the organism.
- using organisms with mutations, is a powerful method for investigating biochemical, physiological, and developmental pathways.

Front 12

A human body is made up of:

Back 12

trillions of cells

Front 13

Each cell nucleus contains:

Back 13

an identical complement of chromosomes in two copies. Each copy is a genome.

Front 14

Each chromosomes is:

Back 14

one long DNA molecule, and genes are functional regions of this DNA.

Front 15

DNA is:

Back 15

a double helix

Front 16

Cells

Back 16

-have a limited lifetime
-new ones must be produces by cell division with the production of new copies of their contents.

Front 17

DNA replication, mutation, and the processing of the information:

Back 17

specified by the DNA continue through the life of the organism.

Front 18

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 18

The genetic information for synthesis of these proteins by the cells is contained