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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is population genetics? |
Definitions: Population- Group of individuals within a species -> Capable of gene flow Species- organisms that can interbreed |
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Population Genetics |
- Gene frequencies in populations - Factors that change Gene frequencies - Understanding Gene flow between populations - Inbreeding |
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Gene Frequencies |
Back (Definition) |
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What happens to allele frequencies during genetic crosses? |
Hardy Weinberg law allele frequencies remain the same throughout generations |
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Assumptions |
- Mating is random - Large population - No selection - Immigration of emigration |
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Albino Tiger |
Back (Definition) |
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Populations & Species evolution |
Back (Definition) |
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Comparing populations |
People in Iceland & Greenland - Different populations - No gene flow |
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Mechanisms causing allele frequency changes |
Factors causing hardy Weinberg law to break down 1) Small populations 2) Founder Effect 3) Gene flow between populations- Migration 4) Mutational changes 5) Non- random mating 6) Assortative mating mate choice 7) Natural Selection |
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Small Populations |
Chance events (a) Genetic drift - Random loss (or gain) of Alleles (b) Bottleneck effect E.g. Elephant seals • Northern- 1890 hunted- 20 animals left- protection placed- 30,000 all genetically similar • Southern- no hunting- High degree of genetic variation |
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Founder Effect |
E.g. Tristan Da Cunha colonised in 1814 by 15 people - 1 had night blindness now current population has a high frequency |
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Non-random mating |
• Inbreeding- e.g. Hapsburg lip & jaw • Selfing |
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Assortative mating mate choice |
E.g Toad Bufo • Pair according to size - Large + Large - Small + Small |
