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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics
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the study of heredity (how traits are passed)
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Mendel
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Father of modern genetics
Austrian Monk pea plants for 8 years made hybrids |
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trait
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any characteristic passed from parents to offspring; early thought: traits from both parent blended
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hybrid
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organism that receives different genetic information from each parent
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Mendel's used pea plants b/c...
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self pollinate in nature
can be easily pollinated by hand |
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Mendel studied ___ (#) traits; which occured in only ___ (#) forms
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Mendel studied 7 traits (including seed shape, coat color, pod shape and color, flower position and plant height) which occured in only 2 forms
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pure-bred
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when able to self pollinate always have the parent trait
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P -
F1 - F2 - |
P- parents (pure-bred tal X pure-bred short(
F1 - 1st generation (all tall) F2 - 2nd generation (3 tall, 1 short) |
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all 7 traits behaved as the height... ___ : ____ in ratio
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all 7 traits behaved as the height... 3:1 in ratio
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many factors have ___ or _____ forms
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many factors have 2 or MORE forms
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each plant has 2 factors from each trait.. ____ from each parent; now called
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each plant has 2 factors from each trait.. ONE from each parent; now called ALLELES
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allele
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different forms of a gene for the same trait
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factors separate as _______________ form, so they each contain one form of gene
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factors separate as GAMETES form, so they each contain one form of gene
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True or False: Factors do no blend
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True
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The Law of Segregation
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each pair of alleles segregate during miosis; 1/2 of an organisms gametes have one allele from each pair and 1/2 have the other
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The Law of Dominance
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if two alleles of hybrid are different, one allele can control the trait while the other is hidden
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The Law of Independent Assortment
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gene pairs segregate into gametes randomly and independently of each other
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dominant : capital or lower case letter
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capital
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recessive: capital or lower case letter
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lower case
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genotype
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actual genetic make-up of organism (TT, Tt, tt)
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phenotype
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form of the trait observed in the organism (tall or short)
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homozygous
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when two alleles for trait are identical (TT or tt)
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heterozygous
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when two alleles for the trait are different (Tt... T over powers t)
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Punnett Square
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grid used to predict the probability of outcomes of a genetic cross
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Monohybrid Crosses
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shows only one trait in punnett square
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Dihybrid Crosses
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shows 2 traits at the same time in punnett square
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