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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
Section of dna that controls a hereditary characteristic (Trait) |
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Alleles |
Alternative form of the same gene |
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Homozygous |
When 2 alleles are the same |
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Heterozygous |
When 2 alleles differ from each other |
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Dominant |
Trait that is expressed in the offspring |
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Recessive |
Trait that is suppressed in the presence of the dominant allele. |
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Sex linked mutations |
Only in the X - chromosomes Colourblind Haemophilia |
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Albinism |
Not sex linked. Does not produce tyrosine = no melanin |
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Mutation |
A sudden unexpected change in the genetic make up of an organism |
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Gene Mutation |
Change in the Nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule Substitution - a nucleotide is replaced by another Inversion - one or more bases are inverted Deletion - One or more nucleotides are lost Insertion - one or more nucleotides are added |
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Chromosomal Mutations |
Change in the structure or distribution of chromosome. Either a genetic mutation or: Non disjunctive: failure of homologous pair to separate during meiosis - this leaves to Aneuploidy |
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Aneuploidy |
Extra chromosomes or missing chromosomes |
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Polyploidy |
More than 2 sets of chromosomes. Do not separate in meiosis. Plants advantage: Larger flowers Larger fruits Larger storage organs Larger seeds Fruits without seeds |
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Genetic engineering |
Altering the genome of an organism by technological processes to form a genetically modified organism GMO |
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Methods of genetic engineering |
1. Vectors - transfer foreign genetic material into a cell using a virus or bacteria 2. Plasmid - Circular, double stranded DNA molecule found in bacteria/not part of bacterial chromosome and replicates independantly 3. Enzymes (i) Restriction enzymes - enable dna molecule to be cut up to isolate gene (ii) Ligase Enzymes - Acts as glue, joining the ends of 2 DNA strands |
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Importance of GE |
Production of insulin, vaccines. Production of GMO's |
