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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autosomes
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All of the chromosomes that do not determine the gender of the organism
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Crossing Over
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When homologous chromosomes form tetrads and exchange genetic information. This occurs during prophase 1.
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Diploid
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The normal number of chromosomes. For humans it would be 46, or 23 pairs
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Egg
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The female germ cell. it is made in the ovaries.
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Germ Cells
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The cells that are used for reproduction. They are also called gametes.
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Sister Chromatids
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Identical copies of a chromosome that are formed when a chromosome makes a copy of itself linked by the centromere at the middle.
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Somatic Cells
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The Cells that make up our body. Some examples are stomach, brain, liver, blood and skin.
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Haploid
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Half the normal number of chromosomes. For humans it would be 23.
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Homologous Chromosomes
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A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent. They are the same size and contain the same genes as each other but are not identical.
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Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
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The Chromosomes line up during metaphase at random which increases genetic variablity.
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Meiosis
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A cell division process that reduces the number of chromosomes by half.
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Sex Chromosomes
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The chromosomes that determine the gender of an organism. They are the x and y chromosomes.
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Chromosome
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condensed DNA. Humans have 46 of theses or 23 pairs.
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co-dominance
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when there is no dominant or recessive allele for a particular gene. They both are equally dominant and show equal amounts.
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Dominant allele
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An allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when it is present
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genes
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factors that control traits
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genetics
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the scientific study of heredity
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genotype
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the alleles that an organism has
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heredity
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring
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Heterozygous
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when an organism has one of each allele for a particular gene
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homozygous
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when an organism has two of the same alleles for a particular gene
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Hybrid
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An organism that has one of each allele for a particular gene
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Pedigree
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A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
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Phenotype
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the traits that an organism shows because of their alleles.
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purebreed
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An organism that has two of the same alleles for a particular gene.
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Recessive allele
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An allele whose trait is hidden when a dominant allele is present
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traits
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physical characteristics of organisms
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