General Science #3

Front 1

Humerus

Back 1

the bone that connects your shoulder to your elbow

Front 2

cellular

Back 2

relating to or consisting of animal or plant cells
ex: diseased cellular tissue

Front 3

immune system

Back 3

the system in your body that protects you against diseases.

Front 4

respiration

Back 4

the process of breathing air in and out.

Front 5

Mitochondria

Back 5

a small part in a cell that helps your body to turn food into energy.

Front 6

Mitosis

Back 6

the process by which a cell divides into two smaller cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. It makes it possible for asexual reproduction and ordinary cell division in living things to happen.

Front 7

phagocyte

Back 7

a cell in your body that gets rid of bacteria and other harmful cells by taking them into itself.

Front 8

amoeba

Back 8

a microorganism (=very small living thing) found in wet places that consists of a single cell.

Front 9

engulf

Back 9

to cover or surround something in a way that harms or destroys it
ex: Several workers died in the landslide that engulfed the old factory.
be engulfed in something: Within minutes, the car was engulfed in flames.

Front 10

engulf

Back 10

if a thought or emotion engulfs you, it controls your thoughts or feelings
ex: Feelings of panic engulfed them.

Front 11

engulf

Back 11

if something bad or unpleasant engulfs people, it affects them seriously
ex: a conflict that threatened to engulf the entire continent

Front 12

potential energy

Back 12

the energy that a body or system has stored because of its position or condition.
For example, a raised weight has potential energy.

Front 13

kinetic energy

Back 13

the energy that an object has as a result of moving.

Front 14

spectrum

Back 14

1. the complete range of colors into which light can be separated when it passes through a prism.
2. a range of radio waves or light waves.

Front 15

conductor

Back 15

a substance that allows heat or electricity to pass through it
ex: Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.

Front 16

appliance

Back 16

a machine or piece of equipment that you have in your home, for example a washing machine or refrigerator
ex: We stock a wide range of kitchen appliances.

Front 17

acidity

Back 17

1. the quality of being acid.
a. the amount of acid in a substance, for example food, water, or dirt
ex: This Australian Chardonnay is fruity with good acidity.
b. a medical condition in which the liquid in the stomach becomes too acid and makes you feel uncomfortable
ex: gastric acidity

Front 18

pH

Back 18

a number from 0 to 14 that describes how acid or alkaline a substance is
ex: Most unpolluted rainwater has a pH of around 5.0.

Front 19

Igneous

Back 19

Igneous rocks are formed from liquid rock from volcanos that becomes solid as it gets cold. Granite and basalt are igneous rocks.

Front 20

molten

Back 20

molten rock, metal, or glass has become liquid because it is very hot
ex: molten iron/lava

Front 21

magma

Back 21

hot liquid rock inside the Earth.

Front 22

solidify

Back 22

1. to become solid, or to make something solid
ex: When the mixture begins to solidify, shape it into balls.
2. to become more definite, or to make something more definite
ex: It has solidified its position as a leading company.

Front 23

atmospheric pressure

Back 23

the pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth.

Front 24

atmosphere

Back 24

1. the air around the Earth or around another planet
ex: Saturn's moon, Titan, has an atmosphere mainly made of nitrogen.
the atmosphere (=the Earth's atmosphere): The burning of fossil fuels results in the pollution of
the atmosphere.
2. the air inside a room or other place
She doesn't like going to bars because of the smoky atmosphere.

Front 25

rickets

Back 25

a disease that mainly affects children in which their bones become soft and bend. It is caused by a lack of vitamin d in the food that they eat or by too little exposure to sunlight.

Front 26

chemical reaction

Back 26

a change that happens when chemicals combine and form different substances
the chemical reaction between ozone and chlorine.

Front 27

prevalent

Back 27

very common in a particular place or among a particular group
ex: This negative attitude is surprisingly prevalent among young boys.
the prevalent diseases in Western society

Front 28

crater

Back 28

to suddenly become much lower
ex: Their share price cratered following the announcement.

Front 29

isotope

Back 29

one of the forms of a chemical element that have the same atomic number because they have the same number of protons, but have a different number of neutrons, and therefore have a different mass.

Front 30

insulin

Back 30

a substance produced in your body that controls the level of sugar in your blood. People who have the disease diabetes do not produce enough insulin.

Front 31

sickle cell anemia

Back 31

a blood disease that mainly affects black people.

Front 32

red blood cell

Back 32

a blood cell that carries oxygen.

Front 33

fern

Back 33

a plant with leaves shaped like feathers and no flowers.

Front 34

crustacean

Back 34

a sea animal such as a crab or a lobster with a hard shell and several pairs of legs.

Front 35

Amphibian

Back 35

an animal such as a frog or toad that lives mainly on land, but produces its eggs and develops into its adult form in water.

Front 36

seismograph

Back 36

an instrument that is used for measuring the strength of earthquakes.

Front 37

synthesized

Back 37

to produce a new substance as a result of a chemical or biological reaction involving two or more simpler substances
ex: Green plants synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
synthesized drugs.

Front 38

protein

Back 38

a substance in foods such as meat, eggs, and milk that people need in order to grow and be healthy.

Front 39

amino acids

Back 39

one of the substances in the body that combine to make proteins.

Front 40

atomic number

Back 40

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Front 41

Greenhouse Effect

Back 41

the process in which heat is unable to escape from the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the Earth to rise. The rise in temperature is called global warming.

Front 42

dissociate

Back 42

1. to consider two people or things to be separate, different, or not connected to each other
EX: I was making movies while I was still a pop singer and it was difficult to dissociate the two.
2. to show clearly that someone is not connected with someone or something
dissociate yourself/someone from someone/something: EX: Senators urged the administration to dissociate itself entirely from the war.

Front 43

decompose

Back 43

1. to decay by a slow natural process, especially through the action of particular bacteria or fungi.
2. if a chemical compound decomposes, it separates into the smaller parts that it consists of.