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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between Sex and Gender? |
Sex - biological differences between males and females Gender - culturally created differences of being either masculine or feminine |
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What do biological determinists believe? |
Men produce testosterone and women produce oestrogen which is why men and women behave the way that they do. They believe in the nature side of the debate. |
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What do social constructivists believe? |
Gender is learned and not biological. Our gender identity is a social construct and can change over time. They believe in the nurture side of the debate. (Feminists/Interactionists/Post Modernists) |
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What is gender role socialisation? |
We are taught to be ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ through our agents of socialisation. |
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How do Family play a role in our gender socialisation? |
Manipulation - Girls are treated more delicate than boys. Canalisation - directs children to different toys reflecting the roles they are expected to partake in life. Verbal Appellations - exposure to different language. Differential Activity Exposure - exposure to different activities around the house following mum or dad. |
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How does education play a role in our gender socialisation? |
Teachers attitudes towards different genders may differ Teachers encourage boys to do clever and physical subjects and girls to do caring subjects |
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How does the media play a role in our gender socialisation? |
Magazines specifically for men/women (manual labour/cooking). Sexualisation of what genders are expected to look like. Tv Adverts showing men using heavy equipment etc and females doing hoovering etc. |
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How does religion play a role in our gender socialisation? |
- people of power are all male hinting men have more power - dress codes for women and expected to hide themselves - marriage sees women as men’s property and women are given away |
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How does our peer group play a role in our gender socialisation? |
Peer pressure - peers create consequences if you don’t abide by your gender roles (bullying etc) Job segregation - certain jobs are off limits for genders eg women would be frowned upon to be a builder/men to be a child minder |
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What is a Hegemonic Gender Identity? |
An identity based on stereotypes which are so dominant that it makes it difficult for individuals to assert alternative identities. Functionalists like this as it creates social consensus where as feminists, interactionists and post modernists believe this can change as we are in control. |
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What do Wilson and Sharpe say the Genderquake is? |
Success of women is rising in paid work resulting in the feminine identity being abandoned. This fundamental shift is so dramatic it has led to profound changes in the distribution of power between men and women. |
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Why has there been a genderquake? |
Education - national ciriculum changed Media - representation of women changed Family - more frequent to have single mum/dads Economy - there has been a decline in manual labour and rise in service jobs Law - equal pay |
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What is Hegemonic Masculinity? |
Stereotypical male - strong, breadwinner, powerful, sporty, brave Connell: “The Provider, Protector and Impregnator” |
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What is Hegemonic Masculinity? |
Stereotypical male - strong, breadwinner, powerful, sporty, brave Connell: “The Provider, Protector and Impregnator” |
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What are the new male identities? |
Complicit - men who believe genders should share roles Subordinate - gay men Marginalised - men who see women are taking all the new jobs New bloke - father goes to pub New dad - involved father Metrosexual - takes care in appearance Emo - feminine/in touch with feelings |
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What is Hegemonic Masculinity? |
Stereotypical male - strong, breadwinner, powerful, sporty, brave Connell: “The Provider, Protector and Impregnator” |
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What are the new male identities? |
Complicit - men who believe genders should share roles Subordinate - gay men Marginalised - men who see women are taking all the new jobs New bloke - father goes to pub New dad - involved father Metrosexual - takes care in appearance Emo - feminine/in touch with feelings |
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What is the one male identity that has stayed the same? |
The new lad - hyper-masculine. |
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Why has there been a change in male identities? |
- rise in feminism - encourages to talk about feelings - media - decline in manual work - gay rights - education rise for women |
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What is the crisis of masculinity? |
Traditional power of men is being challenged by women’s growing success and equality. Manual labour is in decline and men are struggling to maintain power. |
