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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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McRobbie |
study compared 1970s magazines emphasisingg importance of marriage to 1990s which portrayed strong independent women |
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Sharpe |
Interviewed girls & found a shift in how they saw they're future 1970s - girls had low expectations and prioritised love, marriage, husbands & children 1990s - girls prioritised their career and being ale to support themselves |
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Fuller |
Found educational success became a part of a girls identity and aimed for professional jobs which meant they could support themselves |
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Gorard |
Claims the gender gap in achievement was fairly constant from 1975 to 1989 when GCSEs and coursework was introduced. The gender gap in achievement is due to a change in assessment not the failing of boys |
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Elwood |
Although coursework may have some impact, it has less influence on the grade than exams |
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Francis |
Boys were disciplined more harshly and felt picked on by teachers who have low expectations of the |
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Wiener |
Claims since 1980s, teachers have challenged stereotypes & sexist images have been removed from textbooks which could have improved girls achievements |
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Jackson |
High achieving girls are attractive to schools where as low achieving boys aren't. This creates a self fulfilling prophecy as girls are recruited by the better schools so are more likely to do well |
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Liberal feminist |
- Celebrate the progress so far for girls achievement
- Further progress will be made as a result of equal opportunity policies - View education as meritocratic |
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Radical feminists |
Even though girls are achieving more, the system is still patriarchal & gives the message that its a man's world: -sexual harassment of girls in school -limits girls subject choice and career options - male teachers still more likely to head secondary schools |
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Archer et al |
Strategies girls adopted to create a sense of self: 1. Hyper-heterosexual feminine identity 2.Having a boyfriend 3.Being loud DILEMMA: Gain symbolic capital (peers) OR gain educational capital |
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Evans |
Working class girls wanted to go to uni to increase earning power & help their family |
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Mitsos & Browne |
since 198s most manufactory had moved overseas for cheap labour. This sector was mainly dominated by men. They argue that this has led to an identity crisis for men which leads to a lack of self esteem and lack of motivation |
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Sewell |
Boys fall behind because the curriculum is feminised. School doesn't nurture masculine traits such as leadership. |
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Read |
Found most teachers used the "masculine" disciplinarian approach which would disprove the argument that the culture of education is feminised |
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Epstein |
"laddish" subcultures Looked at how masculinity is constructed and found working class boys are more likely to be harassed, labelled as sissies & subjected to homophobic behaviour if they appear to be "swots" |
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Ringrose |
The views that policies to promote gender equality aren't needed now & that girls are succeeding at boys expense have contributed to a moral panic about boys achievement. This reflects a fear that underachieving working class boys will grow up to be dangerous, unemployable underclass |
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Bryne |
Teachers encourage boys to be "tough" & show initiative while girls are encouraged to be quiet & tidy so they develop different tastes in reading |
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Murphy & Elwood |
Boys read hobby books and girls read stories about people |
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Kelly |
Science is seen as a male subject because: - Science teachers more likely to be men - Examples are usually drawn on boys experiences - In lessons boys dominate the lab |
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Dewar |
Studied an american college and found male pupils would call girls butch or lesbian if they did sport |
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Leonard |
Found girls in an all girls school were more likely to take maths & science a level and boys in all boys schools were more likely to do english and languages |
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Lees |
Double standard of sex boys can boast but a girls called a slag is the dresses in a certain way Boys called them slags if they were sexually available and drags if they weren't |
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Mac an Ghail |
"Male gaze" This is the way male pupils & teachers look girls up and down, seeing them as sexual objects and making judgements about their appearance See this an surveillance, reinforcing hetrosexual masculinity and is a way of boys proving their masculinity. WC "macho lads" were dismissive of other wc boys who worked hard & there was a shift from "macho lads" in lover school to "real englishmen" in sixth form, reflecting MC atmosphere |
