Gen Med Exam #2

Front 1

External Eye

Back 1

Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal Gland

Front 2

Internal Eye

Back 2

Globe (Eyeball)

Front 3

Retinal Structures

Back 3

Receives light, sends signals from the eye to the brain through the optic nerve.

Front 4

Photophobic

Back 4

Sensitivity to Light

Front 5

Acuity

Back 5

Clarity, Sharpness

Front 6

Diplopia

Back 6

Double Vision

Front 7

Blepharospasm

Back 7

Excessive/Abnormal Blinking

Front 8

Conjunctivitis

Back 8

Allergic: Itching

Viral: Cold, Flu-like Symptoms

Front 9

Hyphema

Back 9

Blood in Iris (Anterior Chamber)

Completely Filled: 8 Ball Hyphema

Keep Elevated (Transport, Sleeping)

Front 10

Corneal Abrasion

Back 10

Scratch to Corneal Surface

Foreign Body Sensation

Fluorescein Strip for Diagnosis

Front 11

Corneal/Scleral Lacerations

Back 11

"Open Globe"

Most Dangerous, Ruptured Eyeball

Bloody Tears, Hyphema

Front 12

Orbital Fracture

Back 12

"Tear Drop Sign"

Pain w/Eye Mov't

Restricted Upward/Downward Gaze

Front 13

Retinal Tear/Detachment

Back 13

Flashers, Floaters, Curtains

One Eye

Front 14

Proptosis

Back 14

Bulging of Eyeball D/T Swelling

Orbital Decompression Surgery

Front 15

Ear Observation

Back 15

Canal: Healthy, Pink

Tympanic Membrane: Pearly Grey

Front 16

Nose Special Test (Sinusitis)

Back 16

Trans-Illumination of the Sinuses

Determines Fluid Presence

Front 17

Tongue Blade Test

Back 17

Fractured Jaw

Front 18

Conductive Hearing Loss

Back 18

Sound conduction pathway is blocked, sound doesn't pass through external/middle ear to reach the inner ear, typically mechanical.

Front 19

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Back 19

More serious, involves inner ear where sensory receptors convert sound waves into neural impulses that are transmitted to the brain.

Front 20

Ruptured Tympanic Membrane

Back 20

Hole in Tympanic Membrane

Whistling Sounds, Decreased Hearing, Vertigo

Front 21

Hematoma Auris

Back 21

Hematoma to area between skin and cartilage of auricle ("Cauliflower Ear").

Button; Headgear

Front 22

Allergic Rhinitis

Back 22

Seasonal: (Outdoor) Pollen, Ragweed, Grass

Perennial: (Indoor) Dust, Pet Dander, Smoke

Front 23

TMJ Dysfunction

Back 23

Headache/Earache, Vertigo, Neck P!, Trigger Points, Hyper/Hypomobility, Limited Jaw ROM.

Front 24

Tooth Fractures

Back 24

Uncomplicated Crown: Through Enamel

Complicated Crown: Down Through Pulp Cavity

Root: Crown Completely Fractured

Front 25

Tooth Injuries

Back 25

Subluxation: "Loose Tooth", Still in Place

Luxation: Very Loose, Moved Forward/Backward

Avulsion: Tooth Knocked Completely Out

Front 26

Dental Diseases

Back 26

Gingivitis: Inflammation of Gums D/T Bacteria

Periodontitis: Receding Gum Line, Alveolar Bone Loss

Front 27

Ventilation

Back 27

Air moving through respiratory tract.

Front 28

Oxygenation

Back 28

Actual exchange of gases in the alveolar capillary beds.

Front 29

Respiratory Observation

Back 29

Tripoding, Accessory Muscle Usage, Clubbing, Cyanosis

Front 30

Asthma

Back 30

Pulmonary disorder characterized by reversible airway obstruction.

Inflammation, Spasm

Triggers: Allergens, Stress/Anxiety, Smoke, Cold Temperatures

Front 31

Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

Back 31

SOB, Chest Congestion, Dry Cough (Post Practice), Unusual Fatigue.

Occurs in 80%-90% of people with asthma.

Front 32

Influenza

Back 32

Treat Symptomatically

Front 33

Heart Layers

Back 33

Pericardium: Outer

Myocardium: Middle, Muscle

Endocardium: Inner

Front 34

ECG

Back 34

Echocardiogram - Visualizes the Heart

Front 35

Most Common Conditions for Sudden Cardiac Death

Back 35

< 35 = HCM (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)

> 35 = MI (Myocardial Infarction)

Front 36

Heart Chambers

Back 36

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

Front 37

Blood Flow

Back 37

Body - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle- Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta - Body

Front 38

Heart Valves

Back 38

Atrioventricular Valves: Tricuspid Valve, Mitral Valve

Semilunar Valves: Pulmonary Valve, Aortic Valve

Front 39

S1 and S2

Back 39

S1: Lub, Closing of AV Valves

S2: Dub, Closing of Semilunar Valves

Front 40

HCM

Back 40

Characterized by hypertrophied, but non-dilated left ventricle in the absence of physical training or pathological conditions. (Thickening of LV walls.)

Front 41

Three Cardiac Red Flags

Back 41

Exertional Angina, Dizziness w/Exercise, Syncope/Near Syncope

Front 42

Marfan Syndrome

Back 42

Musculoskeletal, Cardiovascular, Ocular

Arm Span > Height, Pectus Deformity, Family Hx/Sudden Death < 40, Heart Murmur

Front 43

Myocarditis

Back 43

1/3 RTP

1/3 Residual Problems

1/3 Require Transplant

Front 44

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Back 44

Ventricular pre-excitation, tachycardia resulting from accessory pathway.

Short PR, prolonged QRS.

Front 45

Long QT Syndrome

Back 45

Ventricular repolarization abnormality.

Prolonged QT.

Asymptomatic, Syncope, Sudden Death

Front 46

Hypertension

Back 46

BP > 140/90

Front 47

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Back 47

Blood clot, causes venous blockage.

More common in LE.

Trauma from surgery, prolonged sitting, pregnancy, hypercoagulability disorders, smokers.

Front 48

Sickle Cell Anemia & Trait

Back 48

Extreme environmental conditions (heat, altitude.

Front 49

Rhabdomyolysis

Back 49

Muscle tissue death.

Dark urine, muscle soreness, fatigue, fever, confusion, nausea/vomiting.

Front 50

Exertional Sickling

Back 50

"Wobbly" legs, no "cramping" appearance.