Gen Chem

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Is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confinnes of the laws of thermodynamics.

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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

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Is defined as the branch of science that deals with the relationship betweenheat and other forms of energy.

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THERMODYNAMICS

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Is generally associated with natural occcurence or those that proceed even without an externaltriggering factor.

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SPONTANEITY

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Is one that occurs without the addition of external energy and it may take place quickly oor slowly, because sontaneity is not related to kinetics or reaction rate.

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SPONTANEOUS PROCESS

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Energy is not created nor destroyed. Henc, it only changes forms from potential to kinetic and from kinetic to heat energy.

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FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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Implies that the entropy of the universe increases in any spontaneous process.

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SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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A perfectly crystalline solid atabsolute zero has an entropy of zero

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THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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A reaction that Does not favor the formation of products at the given set of condition.

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NON SPONTANEOUS

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Is the sum of system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

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ENTHALPY

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process is capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy.

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SPONTANEOUS

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The Standard entropy of a substance signifies the increase in entropy when it is heated from 0k to 298k at 101 325 Pa. For a given chemical reaction, the entropy change is determined by the difference between the net entropy changes of the product and reactant

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STANDARD ENTROPY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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The reaction is negative since the heat is absorbed from the surroundings for △S.

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ENDOTHERMIC REACTION

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the reaction is positive since the heat flows into the surroundings for △S

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EXOTHERMIC REACTION

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the ratio of the products of the individual partial pressures of product to that of reactants (each raised to some coefficient based on the balanced chemical equation

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REACTION QUOTIENT

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it is equal to the summation of standard entropies of products minus the summation of standard entropies of the reactants.

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STANDARD ENTROPY

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it is equal to the summation of standard entropies of products minus the summation of standard entropies of the reactants.

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STANDARD ENTROPY

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can be used to predict the spontaneity of a reaction. (△G=△H-T△S)

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GIBBS FREE ENERGY

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Spontaneous reactions are associated with an increase in entropy or the disorderliness of a system and its surroundings.

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ENTROPY OF THE SYSTEM

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the value of its reaction quotient at the chemical equilibrium

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EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

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refers to the change in free energy when the reactants in their standard phase yield products of the same phase.

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STANDARD FREE ENERGY CHANGE

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the disorderliness of a system or a surrounding.

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EMTROPY