Gen Bio Exam 3 Set 2

Front 1

What do pigments do?

Back 1

Absorb visible light at certain wavelengths and reflect or transmit the rest

Front 2

A pigment is black because it

Back 2

Absorbs all the wavelengths

Front 3

The color red is red because it

Back 3

Absorbs all the wavelengths except red

Front 4

The machine that measures how much light is absorbed or transmitted at each wavelength

Back 4

Spectrophotometer

Front 5

What is the pattern of light absorbed by a pigment called?

Back 5

Absorption spectrum

Front 6

In chlorophyll a, what color(s) is mostly absorbed?

Back 6

Violet, blue, orange, and red range

Front 7

What wavelengths does chlorophyll b mainly absorb?

Back 7

Blue range

Front 8

Which chlorophyll transmits energy to the other

Back 8

Chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a

Front 9

What are the other pigments that absorb other wavelengths and gives that energy to chlorophyll a?

Back 9

Carotenoids

Front 10

Where are chlorophyll molecules found?

Back 10

In clusters in the thylakoid membrane

Front 11

Inside the chlorophyll molecule what are the electrons that have a fixed amount of energy called?

Back 11

Ground State of the electrons

Front 12

When light is shined on the chlorophyll molecule it absorbs a photon and what happens to the electron?

Back 12

It gets boosted to a higher state of energy called the excited state

Front 13

After the excited State of the electron what happens?

Back 13

It quickly returns to its ground State because its unstable and gives off the extra photon of energy

Front 14

What is organized with proteins and other molecules in photo systems I & II each having a light harvesting complex made of various pigments

Back 14

Chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane

Front 15

What happens when a pigment molecule absorbs a photon?

Back 15

The energy is transmitted to other pigment molecules until it reaches a particular chlorophyll a in the reaction center

Front 16

What is the reaction center in photosystem I called?

Back 16

P700, Peak absorption spectrum of 700 nanometers

Front 17

What is the reaction center in photosystem II called?

Back 17

P680, peak absorption spectrum of 680

Front 18

What does a chlorophyll a pigment in photosystem II do?

Back 18

Boosts one of its electrons to an excited state which falls back to its ground State

Front 19

The area where the excited electron falls back down is called

Back 19

The primary electron acceptor

Front 20

Where does the excited electron in photosystem II travel to?

Back 20

Chlorophyll a in photosystem I by going down an electron transport chain

Front 21

In which photosystem does H2O split to release O and 2H+ electrons are pull from the 2 H’s and donated to the chlorophyll a that lost its electrons

Back 21

Photosystem II

Front 22

Where does O2 exit the leaf?

Back 22

Stromata

Front 23

What happens when photosystem I absorbs light and it’s chlorophyll a releases electrons?

Back 23

The electrons are boosted and travel down an electron transport chain to NADP which becomes NADPH

Front 24

What is the process that sends electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I and then to NADPH called?

Back 24

Non-Cycladic electron flow

Front 25

What is the predominant process when observing the flow of electrons in the light reactions?

Back 25

Non-Cycladic electron flow

Front 26

What does the non Cycladic process make?

Back 26

Equal amounts of ATP and NADPH

Front 27

Which does the Calvin cycle consume more of? ATP or NADPH

Back 27

ATP

Front 28

What does the cyclic electron flow process make?

Back 28

Makes ATP and doesn’t make NADPH because the Calvin cycle doesn’t consume as much NADPH

Front 29

In which process is Photosystem I used and when light hits the P700 chlorophyll a, ejects the electrons that travel the ETC from ferodoxib to the cytochrome complex back to the P700 chlorophyll a

Back 29

Cyclic Electron Flow

Front 30

What process uses the thylakoid membrane which has an ETC made up of photosystems I & II and as the electrons along the chain release energy which pumps H+ molecules from the stroma across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid space. And as the H+ molecules diffuse through ATP Synthase energy is released to make ATP

Back 30

Chemiosomosis in the light reaction

Front 31

How long does the Calvin cycle take place

Back 31

24 hours/day

Front 32

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Back 32

In the stroma?

Front 33

What enters the Calvin cycle and what exits?

Back 33

CO2, ATP, and NADPH enter and sugars exit

Front 34

In what reaction does CO2 bind to a 5C sugar called ribulose-biphosphate to make an unstable 6C sugar that breaks apart to form 2 organic molecules

Back 34

Calvin cycle

Front 35

What enzyme is used in the Calvin cycle

Back 35

Rubisco

Front 36

What is the most abundant protein on earth

Back 36

Rubisco

Front 37

What doe a

Back 37

Carbon fixation

Front 38

In the Calvin cycle the 2 organic molecules receive a phosphate from ATP and electrons from NADPH and become 2 molecules of G3P and what do the G3P combine to make?

Back 38

Glucose

Front 39

What does the stomata allow?

Back 39

CO2 to enter leaves for photosynthesis and H2O to exit in transpiration