Gcse Chemistry C2

Front 1

Electronic Configuration

Back 1

Notation indicating the distribution of electrons in electron shells.

Front 2

Cations

Back 2

Positively charged ions.

Front 3

Anions

Back 3

Negatively charged particles.

Front 4

Cathode

Back 4

Negatively charged electrode which attracts cations.

Front 5

Anode

Back 5

Positively charged electrode which attracts anions.

Front 6

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Back 6

~have high melting points

~are brittle

~conduct electricity (dissolved or molten)

~may be soluble

Front 7

Structure of Ionic Compounds

Back 7

~form giant lattice structures

~strong electrostatic forces between ions

~large amount of energy needed to break

~higher charge means stronger forces

~the regular arrangement of millions of ions gives a crystalline structure

Front 8

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Back 8

~soluble if the positive ion is sodium, potassium or ammonium

~soluble if the negative ion is nitrate, chloride or sulphate (except AgCl, PbCl2, PbSO4, BaSO4, CaSO4)

~insoluble if the negative ions is carbonate or hydroxide (except NaCl, NaOH, K2CO3, KOH, (NH4)2CO3, NH4OH)

Front 9

What are the flame test colour results for each ion?

Metal Ion Colour

Na+

K+

Ca2+

Cu2+

Back 9

~Na+ yellow/orange

~K+ lilac

~Ca2+ brick red

~Cu2+ blue/green

Front 10

How do you conduct a flame test?

Back 10

1) Dip a nichrome wire/ splint in acid

2) Dip it into the compound to be tested

3) Put the wire/splint into a Bunsen flame

Front 11

Sometimes two soluble salts for, an insoluble salt when mixed together. What kind of reaction is this?

Back 11

Precipitation reaction

Front 12

Type Mpt/Bpt Soluble? Electrical conductive

Ionic high d) e)

a) low no not good-all states

b) v.high no no except f)

Metallic c) no good as solid/liquid

Back 12

a) simple molecular covelant

b) giant molecular covelant

c) high

d) yes/soluble

e) good conductors in solutions or molten

f) graphite

Front 13

There's a ____________ in the mirror!

Back 13

GHOST

Front 14

Alkali metals are in group one of the periodic table. What does this mean?

Back 14

It has one outer shell electron

Front 15

Why does reactivity increase as you move down group one of the periodic table?

Back 15

The outer shell electron is further from the nucleus because there are more electron shells as the periods increase when you go down group one. This means electrostatic forces between the nucleus (+ve charge) and the outer electron (-ve charge) so electron is more easily lost.

Front 16

Why are noble gases inert (not reactive)?

Back 16

Because they have a full outer shell.

Front 17

As you go down group one from Li to Cs the metals:

-

-

-

-

Back 17

- Get more reactive

- Become softer

- Have a lower melting point

- Have one more shell of electrons

Front 18

What is an exothermic reaction?

Back 18

~ All reactions start by breaking the bonds between reactant atoms. Heat energy is absorbed.

~ The new bonds between atoms of the product are made. Heat energy is released.

~ In exothermic reactions, less energy is taken to break the reactant bonds than is given out when the product bonds are made.

Front 19

What is an endothermic reaction?

Back 19

~ All reactions start by breaking the bonds between reactant atoms. Heat energy is absorbed.

~ The new bonds between atoms of the product are made. Heat energy is released.

~In endothermic reactions, more energy is absorbed than is released.

Front 20

What does the rate of reaction depend on, in terms of collisions?

Back 20

The frequency of (effective) collisions.

Front 21

Not all collisions lead to a reaction. To react, they must have______________________ and have the___________________________.

Back 21

~ sufficient energy

~ correct orientation

Front 22

When the concentration of reactants increases/decreases/stays the same, there are the same amount/less/more particles per cm^3. This means there are more collisions per second.

Back 22

~ increases

~ more

Front 23

When the temperature stays the same/decreases/increases, the reactants have more/less/the same amount of energy so a lower/higher/the same percentage of collisions are effective. The reactants also collide more frequently.

Back 23

~ increases

~higher

Front 24

How does increasing the surface area of a solid reactant affect the frequency of collisions?

Back 24

Increases frequency of collisions.

Front 25

What is a catalyst?

Back 25

A catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction, but is not up by the reaction.