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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Every C++ program must have a...
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Main function, which defines the prgram entry point.
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Every C++ program must have a...
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Main function, which defines the prgram entry point.
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White space consists of blank lines and spaces, which are ignored by the...
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Compiler, use white space to format your code in a more readable way.
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In C++, zero is considered false and any non-zero value, negative or posotive is considered...
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To be true.
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C++ prgrams start executing at MAIN. Consequently, every C++ prgram must have...
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A main function.
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In C++, the curly braces are used to define..
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The beggining and the end of a logical code unit.
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C++ contains five binary arithmetic operators:
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addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus.
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C++ supports several different kinds of numerical variable types, can we convert a type to another? For example, can we assign INT to be a FLOAT and or vice versa?
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In general yes, we can convert from one built in numerical type to another implicitily (compiler converys automatically) or explicitily (we force a converstion in code manually).
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An operand is the.....
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Object of mathematical operation, a quanity or which an operation is performed.
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Variable definition:
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A variable corresponds to a physical segment of system memory (RAM) where value can be stored of some type. Via the variable nam we can access the memory cell the variable corresponds with.
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Spaces inside a string are..
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Not ignored, as they are actually considered space characters. Additonally, C++ keywords cannot simply be broken up and expected to mean the same thing (i.e. you cannot write "firstname" as "fir st nam e"`
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By using the '/*'....*/ style comment, you can comment out parts of a...
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line, whereas '//' comments always comment the entire line. For example.
cout << "Hello. " << /* print first name */ |
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A single line comment is designated in C++ with...
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The double forward slashes //
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A multi line comment, where everything between a...
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/* .... */ pair is part of the comment.
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iostream and strings are C++ standard library header files. which...
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Contains C++ standard library code.
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#include <string>
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Instructs the compiler ti takea ll the colde in "sting" an include it into our .CPP file.
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#include <iostream>
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Instructs the compiler to take all the code in the specified file (the file in between the angle brackets). "iostream", and include it into the .CPP file.
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While usingspace x clause, you can...
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Move code in some particular namespace to the global namespace, where x is some namespace.
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Multiplacation, division and modulation operations always occure..
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Before addition and subtraction operators.
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The std: prefix tells the compiler to...
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Search the standard namespace (folder) to look for the standard code we need.
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It is good practice to try and avoid type..
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conversions when practical.
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Namespaces are used to...
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Organize code into logical grouping and to prevent name clashes.
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Namespaces are to code as folders are to files, that is to say....
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As folder are used to organize groups of related files and prevent file name clashes, namespaces are used to organize groups of related code and prevent code name clashes.
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Bool
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Used to store truth values; that is, true or false. Note that true and false are C++ keywords.
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Include directive
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(#includefile)
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A variable occupies a reigon of physical system memory and stores a...
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Value of some type, variable names can consist of letters and numbers, but cannot begin with a number.
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Cont variables are..
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Variables that cannot be modified.
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The modulus operator returns the remainder of a integer....
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23 = 3 + 2
____ ____ 7 7 Here we call the numerator 2 in 2/7 the remainder |
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Integer
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An integer is a number that is written without a fractional component.
21, 4 and -2048 |
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Only integer types can be unsigned, by using unsigned types we have not...
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Gained a large range, we have merely transformed our range.
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Prefixing the integer type with a...
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Unsigned keyword makes it possible to take the memory reserved for representing negative numbers and use it to represent additional posotive number so that our range of posotive value increases.
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It is possible to take all the memory reserved for representing negative numbers and use it to....
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Represent additonal posotive numbers so that our range of posotive values increases. This would be at the cost of sacfificing the ability to represent negative integer.
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Double range
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+ 22 x 10 -308, 1.8 x 10 308
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Float range
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+ 1.2 x 10 -38 , 3.4 x 10 38
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Int range and long range
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- 2147483648, 2147483647
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Use parentheses to..
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Explicitiliy define the order in which the operators should be performed, consequently, this also makes your code cleaner.
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Parentheses can also be nested so that you can...
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Explicitily specify the second, thierd, etc. Operation that should occur.
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Sometimes we will want to define a variable that cannot change, such variables are constant, to do this we use...
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The const modifying keyword:
const float pi = 3.14p If the programmer tries to change pi, an error will reslut pi = 12.53f; //error, cannot redefine constant pi |
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Const variables must be initialized as the....
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Some time they are declared.
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Short range
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-32768, 32767
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The terminology for something that evaluates to a number is called a....
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Numeric expression, more generally, something that evaluates to something else is considered an expression.
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The assingment operator "=" assigns value to variables, it says nothing about....
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Equality in a purely comparative sense.
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Char range
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-128, 127
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Float
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Used to store floating point numbers: that is, numbers with greater precision than float.
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C++ can implicitily convert between its intrnsic types; however, one must...
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Be alert for decimal transaction and integer wrapping.
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Create a symbol name (identifier) that stands for some set of code. We can do this by...
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defines a macro
#define PRINTHELLO cout << "Hello" << endl; |
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The modulus operator is an...
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Integer operation only.
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Note that operators with the same procedure level are...
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Evaluated left to right.
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Double
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Similar to a float but typically stores floating points numbers with great precison than float.
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Variable names can include the underscore, letters and numbers but....
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No other symbols.
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The rules of operator procedure define...
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The order in which the compiler performs a series of operators.
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Variables names cannot be C++ keywords, for instance you cannot name a....
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Variable "float" since that is a C++ keyword that specifies the C++ type float.
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Variable names must begin with...
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A letter. The variable name 2VarName is illegal. However the underscore is considered a letter.
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Underscore is considered a letter ans C++ is case...
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Sensitive
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When we declare/define a variable we must give it a...
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Name (identifier) so that we can refer to that variable within the program.
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When using the postfix form, the value is..
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Incremented/decremented last, after it is used.
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You can give greatest precedence to an operation by...
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Surrounding it with a pair of parentheses much like you do in mathematical notation.
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It is possible to make multiple declerations and/or definitions in one statement using...
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The comma operator.
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Variables names cannot have...
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Spaces between them.
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Long
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A signed integer type that typically can store a longer range of integers than int.
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Short
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Typically stores a shorter range of integers than int.
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Because variables that contain garbage are useless and to prone to introducing errors, it is advisable to...
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Always define your variables at the time of decleration to some default value.
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The "=" symbol, in C++ is called the...
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Assingment operator.
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Truncate
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Shorten (something) by cutting of the top or the end.
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A decimal portion of an answer will be lost because...
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Integers are being used, and they are unable to repessent decimals. Keep this trunctuation in mind when doing division with integers and ask yourself whether or not this is a problem for your particular circumstances.
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Declaring a variable...
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Int myVar; // variable decleration
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Int
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The primary type used to store an integer value.
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A C++ compiler translates code to object code. The linker then combines the object code, from several objects files to produce...
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An executable program that can be run on the operating system.
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Char
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Used to store single character variables such as "a,b,c,d". Usually this is an 8 bit value so that it can store up to 256 values.
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Std::string
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Used to store string variables, std::string is not part of the core language. but part of the standard library.
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