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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alphonse Bertillon
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developed 1st system of identification in 1879, which measured the different lengths of the body (Anthropometry); Father of Criminal identification
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Army Colonel Calvin Goddard
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Father of Ballistics
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A Treatise on Forensic Medicine and Public Health
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written in 1798 by Francois-Emanuel Fodere; helped gain a better understanding of the workings of the human body
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Carl Wilhelm Scheele
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German-Swedish chemist; in 1775 created first succesful test for detecting arsenic in corpses
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Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.
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1993 supreme court case; established judge as the 'gatekeeper' where he decides on whether evidence is admissable in court
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; first typing test created by Sir Alec Jefferys in 1982
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Dr. Karl Landsteiner
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discovered ABO blood types, and identified the Rhesus (Rh) factor in 1937
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Dr. Walter C. McCrone
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used microscopy to examine trace evidence and helped convict Wayne Williams in the Atlanta child murders; Father of microscopic forensics
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Edmund Locard
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founder and director of Inst. of Criminalistics at Uni. of Lyons; exchange principle; father of crime lab
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Expert Witness
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needs credentials, background, and experience
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FBI Crime Lab
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nat'l lab that offers forensic services to all law enforcement agencies; largest forensic lab
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Francis Henry Galton
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Father of Fingerprinting; identified whorls, loops, and arches
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Frye vs. US
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evidence must be generally accepted within scientific community
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Henris-Louis Bayard
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formulated 1st microscopic detection of sperm; used toxicology results in trial in 1839
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James Marsh
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Scottish; used toxilogical evidence at 1st trial in 1839 when he testified on detection of arsenic in a victims body
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J. Edgar Hoover
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organized 1st FBI crime lab to offer forensic services to all law agencies; father of FBI
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Manuscript Yi Yu Ji
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manuscript about how a chinese coroner solved a case where a woman was suspected of murdering her husband
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Marcello Malpighi
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1st recorded notes about fingerprint characteristics in 1686; used microscopes for bio investigations
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Mathieu Orfila
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father of forensic toxicology; published 1st scientific treatise on detection of poisons and their effects on animals in 1814
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Where was the oldest forensic lab in the US established?
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L.A.; 1923
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Sherlock Holmes
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fictional character who applied new principles of serology, fingerprinting, firearms, and questioned document examination
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Sir Alec Jeffrey
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created first DNA typing procedure
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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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created fictional detective Sherlock Holmes in 1887
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Thomas Taylor
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suggested that fingerprints could be used as a means of identification; 1877
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William Nichol
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invented polarizing microscope in 1828
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Human Genome Project
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2003; identification of all 20000-25000 genes in human DNA and the sequences of 3 billion base pairs of DNA
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Forensic Science
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the application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system
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10 forensic specialties
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criminalistics, engineering, odontology, general, jurisprudence, pathology/biology, psychiatry, physical anthropology, questioned documents, toxicology
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Where does the word forensics come from?
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the latin word forensis (forum)
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What did Archemedes discover in 200 BC?
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method of water displacements to find density of gold crown
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Nero
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murdered his wife and put her head on a platter to show his mistress, who was identified by her discolored teeth
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What happened in 1853?
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microcrystalline test for hemoglobin
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What happened in 1863?
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1st presumptive test for blood
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Sir Edward Henry
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henry classification system
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Albert Osborn
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father of document examination; led to acceptance of documents as scientific evidence by the courts
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What happened in 1986?
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1st time DNA was used in solving a case; beginning of innocence project
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When did the 1st university of criminology and criminalistics come around?
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1930's
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Why do we need more crime labs?
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foresight into potential investigations; increasing demands of casework; placing greater emphasis on securing scientifically evaluated evidence; and increase in crime rates
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Basic services crime labs provide
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physical, biological, firearms, document examination, and photography
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Optional services crime labs offer
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toxicology, latent fingerprinting, polygraph, voiceprint analysis, and CSI unit
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