Forensics Basics

Front 1

Forensic science

Back 1

Any science that is used to solve crimes and it;s results are used in the courts of law.

Front 2

Lochard exchange principle

Back 2

When a person comes into contact with an object or another person, some material is always transferred from one to another. This means that a criminal always leaves something at a crime scene or takes something away.

Front 3

Procedure of forensic investigator

Back 3

1. Ensure safety of all involved.
2. Distinguish primary and secondary locations of crime scene.
3. Tape off or barricade crime scene.
4. Document with sketches, notes and photos.
5. Bag and label physical evidence
6. Inspect and collect fingerprints, blood, footprints. etc.

Front 4

Botany

Back 4

Study of plants.

Front 5

Serology

Back 5

Study of body fluids.

Front 6

Pathology

Back 6

Study of disease.

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Genetics

Back 7

Study of genetics, dna and heredity.

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Ballistics

Back 8

Study of projectiles and firearms

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Geology

Back 9

Study of earths structure and substances.

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Phonetics

Back 10

Study of speech.

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Cytology

Back 11

Study of plant and animal cells,

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Odontology

Back 12

Study of teeth.

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Toxicology

Back 13

Study of poisons.

Front 14

Anthropology

Back 14

Study of humans.

Front 15

Chemistry

Back 15

Study of substances.

Front 16

Role of a forensic expert in court

Back 16

Act as expert witness and provide and analyse evidence.

Front 17

3 Kinds of fingerprints

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Impression, mark made by dirty or bloody hand, invisible fingerprint,

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Elimination fingerprint

Back 18

Acts as a control to compare fingerprints of suspects to. The criminal's fingerprint will match the elimination print.

Front 19

Latent fingerprint

Back 19

Made from urea, water, amino acids, salt, and oil that oozes out of glands in the same pattern as ridges.

Front 20

Most common fingerpint

Back 20

Loop.

Front 21

First insect to reach corpse

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Flies

Front 22

Life-cycle data

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When the insects land on the corpse and lay their young, the developmental stage of the young indicates how long the corpse has been there.

Front 23

Seasonal activity

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When insects are active there wil be more on corpse.

Front 24

Successful colonisation

Back 24

Different species prefer different stages of decomposition.

Front 25

Carrion insects

Back 25

Insect that eats corpse.

Front 26

Body farm

Back 26

Facility founded by Doctor Bill Bass to investigate human decomposition.

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DNA

Back 27

Heredity material that determines characteristics and bodily functions.

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DNA is found in...

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nucleus of cells but not in red blood cells.

Front 29

Extracting DNA

Back 29

Nucleas broken down using detergent
Alcohol to precipitate DNA.

Front 30

PCR

Back 30

Polymerase chain reaction
Making many copies of DNA

Front 31

Gel electropherosis

Back 31

Filter out DNA strands and sort into groups according to size.

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DNA database

Back 32

Government database of dna profiles.

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Innocence project

Back 33

National public policy organisation dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted criminals through dna testing and changing the riminal justice system.

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Red blood cells

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Carry oxygen from lungs to living tissue and carry away carbon dioxide.

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White blood cells

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Remove bacteria and fight antibodies.

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Platelets

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Blood clotting

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Plasma

Back 37

Water, carries, blood cells, platelets, sugars, vitamins, antibodies and proteins around body.

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Most common blood type

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O+

Front 39

Universal donors blood type

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O

Front 40

Least common blood type

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AB

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Secreters

Back 41

Blood can be found in other bodily fluids.

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Hair

Back 42

Non-living and composed of keratin

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Cuticle

Back 43

Outer layer of hair, overlapping scales

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Cortex

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Middle layer of hair, contains pigment

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Medulla

Back 45

Central layer of hair, may be absent

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Comparison microscope

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2 microscopes connected by an optical bridge, resulting in a split view indow.

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Forgery

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Making an imitation or changing a document with the intention to cheat

Front 48

Chromatography

Back 48

Seperating the dyes that make up the ink of a pen using water and paper

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Electrostatic imaging

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Document revealed using vacuum pump, inked beads and fine, transparent film.

Front 50

Ball-point ink

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Dye in oil base

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Iron ink

Back 51

Iron compound dissolved in tannin.

Front 52

Carbon-black ink

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Carbon suspended in gum-arabic

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Dye-stuff ink

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Synthetic dyes made from gum-arabic, glycol, polyethyline and an acid