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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are prokaryotic chromosomes different from eukaryotic chromosomes?
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A prokaryotic chromosome consists of a single molecule of DNA in the form of a closed loop. The chromosome is described as circular.
A prokaryotic cell has only one chromosome. A eukaryotic chromosome is linear, not circular, in other words it has two ends, like a sausage. Each chromosome contains one molecule of DNA for the first half or so of interphase, then the DNA replicates, and the two DNA molecules remain together (as sister-chromatids) in the same chromosome for the rest of interphase. This does not happen in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have more than one chromosome. A further difference: prokaryotic chromosomes consist only of a naked DNA molecule, but eukaryotic chromosomes also contain many molecules of proteins (mostly histones). The DNA is wound around these proteins. |
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What is a histone and what is it's function.
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Histones are strongly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.They are the chief protein components of chromatin, act as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation.
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Which organisms reproduce through binary fission? What are the steps involved in binary fission?
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Binary fission, or prokaryotic fission, is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms. This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size of the original cell.
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What are the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction? Which types of cell division result in asexual reproduction?
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Sexual Reproduction is the process by which a new organism develops from joining of male and female sex cells (sperm and ova respectively). An organism that reproduces sexually requires a partner, with the offspring sharing characteristics from each parent.
Examples include mammals, most reptiles, and flowering plants. Asexual Reproduction is the process by which a single organism produces a new organism identical to itself. An asexually reproducing organism does not require a partner to produce offspring. The types of cell division resulting in asexual reproduction is binary fission. |
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What is the purpose of mitotic cell division? What is the outcome of mitotic cell division?
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The purpose of mitotic cell division is Growth and replacement. The outcome is two daughter cells identical to the parent cells.
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What is the cell cycle?
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the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and replication.
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What is a somatic cell? What is a gamete? Which cell divison process produces each?
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Somatic cells (diploid) are any cells forming the body of an organism, as opposed to germline cells. A gamete is a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism. Meiosis produces gametes and Somatics are produced by mitosis.
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What are sister chromatids? Centromeres?
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Sister Chromatids are 2 identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere. And centromeres are regions of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come in contact. It is involved in cell division as the point of mitotic spindle.
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What are the steps in mitotic cell divison, listed in order? Cells spend most of their time in which phase?
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The steps in Mitotic cell division in order are:1. Prophase 2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase 4. Telaphase. Cells spend most of their time in Prophase. |
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What are the three parts of interphase, and what occurs during each one?
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G1, Synthesis, and G2. During G1 (Gap 1) the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, a lot of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to about double its original size) - more organelles are produced, increasing the volume of the cytoplasm. If the cell is not to divide again, it will remain in this phase. During Synthesis the cell duplicates its DNA. During G2 (Gap 2) the cell resumes its growth in preparation for mitosis.
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How does DNA replication occur?
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DNA Replication occurs in two steps, unwinding and rebuilding.
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During DNA replication, if one strand reads ACCGTTGATA what would the new complementary strand sequence be?
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TGGCAACTAT
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Which enzyme is responsible for the rebuilding phase of DNA replication?
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DNA polyermerase III.
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What is an error in the nucleotide sequence that is not repaired called?
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I'M UNSURE.
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What is apoptosis? Which cells are most likely to undergo apoptosis? Why is apoptosis advantageous? What other method prevents cells from dividing indefinitely?
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Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms.
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What is a telomere? What kind of cells rebuild telomeres after each cell division?
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A telomere is a region of repetitive DNA at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration.
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