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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the main molecules that jump-started life?
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CHON
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Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
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What are the characteristics of carbon?
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Extremely compatible with other molecules
Key to organic compounds |
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What is protein?
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String of Amino Acids
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What is emergence?
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Complex systems and patterns from simple interactions
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(Est.) How long ago did life begin?
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3.8 billion years
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What served as metabolism for early life?
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Iron (i.e. rocks)
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Who invented the first microscope?
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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What is the title Darwin's book on evolution?
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"Origin of Species"
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What are some characteristics of life?
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Acqurie materials and energy, maintain homeostasis, respond to stimuli, reproduce + develop, adapt and evolve.
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What are tissues composed of?
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Similar cells combining
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What are organs made of?
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Tissues combining
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When these organs combine it makes an organ system.
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When an organ system is present in an organism, it makes it...?
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Functioning
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What is metabolism?
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All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
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What does CHON stand for?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
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What is the ultimate source of energy?
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The sun
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What (very basically) is photosynthesis?
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The transformation of solar energy into chemical energy
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Animals generally receive energy from __________
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photosynthesizers (those that create energy through the process of photosynthesis)
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What is homeostasis?
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Balance. The maintenance of internal conditions within certain boundaries.
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What are some examples of conditions controlled by homeostasis?
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Temperature, moisture, acidity, etc.
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How do living things respond?
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Movement.
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The response of living things referred to be its
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Behavior
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How do unicellular organisms reproduce?
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Generally splits in two
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The reproduction of unicellular organisms occurs by
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Sexual reproduction. (The fertilization of egg by sperm)
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What is the process of a unicellular organism splitting is called?
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Bionary fission
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Genes stem from _________
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DNA
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What is DNA?
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA provides ____________ for organization and metabolism.
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Blueprints
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Living things have adaptations. Adaptations are....
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modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life.
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What is evolution?
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Process by which species have changed and diversified since life began.
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Evolutionary changes are in response to the _________
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environment.
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Taxonomy is the discipline of
_______ & _________ organisms according to certain rules. |
Identifying, naming
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A person that specializes in taxonomy is considered a
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taxonomist
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Systematics makes sense of the variety of life on Earth by classifying according to
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presumed evolutionary relationships.
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What are the categories of classification?
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Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain.
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King Phillip Comes Over For Good Soup Dinner
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What is a binomial name?
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Scientific name that consists of two parts
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What does the first word in a binomial name indicate?
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The species genus
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What does the second word in a binomial name indicate?
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Specific epithet of a species within a genus
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What is an epithet?
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Specific characteristics of that species
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What is binomial nomenclature?
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Latin name. (formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts)
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What are the three domains of life?
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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Bacteria contains:
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Prokaryotes
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What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?
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Unicellular and lack membrane around nucleus
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What are some characteristics of Archaea?
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Live in harsh conditions (extremifiles), found in aquatic environments.
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What is a biosphere?
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The zone of air, land, or water where a species can be found
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What is population?
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All the members of a species within an area
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What is a community?
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The populations within an area and the physical environment
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What is a hypothesis?
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Testable statement
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What is inductive reasoning?
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A person using critical thinking to combine isolated facts into a whole
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What is experimental design?
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Manner in which a scientist conducts an experiment
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What is a constant?
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Variable that remains the same
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What is experimental value? (Aka Independent variable)
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A variable that is deliberately changed
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What is a control group?
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A group in an experiment that is not exposed to experimental variable
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What are scientific theories?
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Accepted explanations for how the world works
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What are Bioethics?
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A branch of ethics concerned with the development and consequence of biological technology
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What is biodiversity?
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Variation of life on earth
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What is the single most significant bio ethical issue?
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Biodiversity
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What is needed for natural selection to occur?
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1) Heritable variation
2) More offspring produced than can be supported 3)Competition which = results in better adaptations |
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What is chemical cycling?
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Chemicals moving through the food chain in an ecosystem
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What is energy flow?
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Energy comes from sun, plants take energy from sun using photosynthesis, the energy is passed through plants to members of the food chain.
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______ species per day are estimated to enter extinction
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400
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What is the estimated number of species on earth? How many of these have been classified?
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15 mil, 2 mil
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What is matter? What are the forms of matter?
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Anything that takes up space/has mass. Solid, liquid, gas, living/nonliving matter composed of elements
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What is an element?
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Substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means
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How many naturally occurring elements are there?
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92
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What are the six most vital elements?
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Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
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CHNOPS
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What are atomic symbols?
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The letters ( usually one or two ) that represent the name given to each element and its atoms
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Atoms are made of 3 ______ ______
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subatomic particles
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What are the three subatomic particles?
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Protons (pro-charge) Electrons (negative charge) Neutrons (neutral)
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What is at the center of an atom?
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Nucleus
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How do electrons behave?
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Move about the nucleus
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What is atomic mass?
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Just about equal to the sum of an atom's protons and neutrons
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What is the mass of an electron?
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Zero
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Protons and neutrons are given how many units of mass each?
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One
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What is an atomic number?
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The number of protons that an atom of an element
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Why was the periodic table created?
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To display elements by their physical and chemical characteristics
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What is an isotope?
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Atoms of same element that differ in number of neutrons
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A nucleus with excess neutrons is considered to be _______ and may _____ and emit ________
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unstable, decay, radiation
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Not all isotopes are __________
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radioactive
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What are some uses of radioactive isotopes?
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Can be used as tracers to detect molecular change or destroy abnormal cells, sterilize medical and dental equipment
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Electrons of an atom are constantly....
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moving
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The first electron shell of an atom contains...
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2 electrons
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Every additional electron shell can contain ...
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8 electrons
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When an atom has 2+ shells, the atom is most stable when 8 electrons are present. This is known as...
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the octet rule
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