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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 fluids? |
1. Intracellular fluid ➡ inside 2. Plasma ➡ in & outside cell 3. Interstitial fluid ➡ outside |
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Isotonic |
Normal - Equal amount of water inside and outside cell |
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Hypotonic |
Too much water inside, causing cell to burst or lyse - most dangerous |
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Hypertonic |
Too much water outside - cell will shrivel (crenation) - dehydration - risk of colon cancer |
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Where did metabolic water come from? |
Mitochondria ➡ Krebs Cycle & E.T.C. |
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What organ is most important for water balance? |
Kidney |
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Hypothalamus |
Homeostasis for temperature & thirst - has osmoreceptors - will shrink |
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Hydration |
Die from being over hydrated - irreversible - cells will burst |
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ECF most abundant CATION ➡ _____ ECF most abundant ANION ➡ ______ |
Cation ➡ Sodium Na+ Anion ➡ Chloride Cl- |
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ICF most abundant CATION ➡ ______ ICF most abundant ANION ➡ ______ |
Cation ➡ Potassium Anion ➡ Phosphate |
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Hypernatremia vs Hyponatremia |
1. Too much sodium in blood 2. Not enoigh sodium in blood |
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Sodium Na+ |
- Most abundant in EFC - Sodium problems always effect BP first Aldosterone ➡ increases renal absorption Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ➡ increases renal excretion - these act in DCF |
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Potassium K+ |
- Abundant cation IFC - Nervous System problems |
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Hyperkalemia vs Hypokalemia |
1. Too much potassium - cell becomes less negative - GI abnormalities 2. Not enough potassium - cell becomes more negative |
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ADH (Vasopressin) |
- Response to dehydration or ⬇blood volume - Causes vasoconstriction which ⬆BP - Promotes reabsorption of sodium when dehydrated - ADH goes to kidneys - water follows - process through osmosis |
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Calcium |
- Heart PTH ➡ stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone Calcitonin ➡ lowers calcium levels |
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Hypercalcemia vs Hypocalcemia |
1. Too much calcium 2. Not enough calcium |
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Magnesium |
- important for relaxation of muscles Ex: Epson salt has magnesium |
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What is the normal pH? |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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Acidosis vs Alkalosis |
Acidosis ➡ ⬇ 7.35 pH (acid) - more common - muscle can stop contracting Alkalosis ➡ ⬆ 7.45 pH (basic) |
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What 3 mechanisms regulate pH? |
1. Buffer System 2. Exhalation CO2 3. Kidney Excretion of H+ |
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Buffer System |
- convert acid to less harmful form - temporary - does not remove H+ - Buffers inside & outside cell - Amino acids are buffers Most common buffer ➡ HCO2- (Carbonic Acid) - Too much base ➡ release H+ to neutralize - Too much acid ➡ H+ combines w/ HCO2- |
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Lungs |
Lungs not working ➡CO2 combines w/ water to form carbonic acid - will go into respiratory acidosis - ⬇ pH & ⬆ CO2 - Respiratory Alkalosis - ⬆ pH & ⬇ CO2 |
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Respiratory Acidosis vs Respiratory Alkalosis |
Acidosis ➡ ⬇ pH & ⬆ CO2 Alkalosis ➡ ⬆ pH & ⬇ CO2 |
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Kidney (Metabolic) |
Look at bicarb levels |
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Metabolic Acidosis vs Metabolic Alkalosis |
Acidosis ➡ ⬇ pH & ⬇ HCO3- Alkalosis ➡ ⬆ pH & ⬆ HCO3- HCO3- is baking soda |
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Normal PCO2 ➡ _______ Normal HCO3- ➡ _______ |
Lungs ➡ PCO2 ➡ 35 - 45 - ⬇ Alkalosis Metabolic ➡ HCO3 ➡ 22 - 26 - ⬇ Acidosis |
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Vomit ➡ Diarrhea ➡ Pregnant ➡ |
1. Alkalosis 2. Acidosis 3. Respiratory Alkalosis |
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What 3 hormones regulate renal Na+ & Cl- reabsorption? |
1. ADH (vasopressin) 2. Angiotensin - Aldosterone 3. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) |
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RAA System |
Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone
1. ⬇BP 2. ➡ Renal Artery 3. Cells in kidney release renin 4. Renin in blood (renal vein) 5. Angiotensin (vasoconstricter) ⬆BP 6. ➡ Adrenal Cortex to make aldosterone ⬆water reabsorption in kidneys = ⬆blood volume & pressure |
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PTH |
- Increases calcium in blood if you have hypocalcemia - Goes to bone, osteoclasts eat bone and release calcium |
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Why are babies more prone to dehydration? |
Babies have smaller body weights & lose water & electrolytes more quickly |
