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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dark ages |
Squalid conditions Church offers hope and is very powerful - sin is reality not a concept Most people illiterate and ignorant Most people on the edge of starvation |
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Leading up to the crusades |
Agriculture revolution after invention of Horseshoe Farming much easier - more land can be farmed Increase in population More free time for lords - hygiene improves Tournaments held for knights to 'practice' - violent, often deaths |
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Pax Dei (Peace of God) |
Church rules that restricted time for violence: - not allowed to fight on religious holidays - not allowed to kill noncombatants - Only 80 days a year is 'the spilling of blood' allowed (not liked by lords and knights who liked war) |
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Chivalry |
Comes from Cheval - meaning horse Code of honour for a knight 5 cardinal virtues - Prowess, Honour, Loyalty, Courtesy, Largesse (generosity) |
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Pope Urban II Speech |
November 27 - 1095 - 60yo Pope Urban Clermont France - all french nobles summoned 'O race of franks, race most beloved and chosen by God' Basically riles up the lords of all the bad things the Turks are doing Offers absolution to all crusaders |
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Key Crusaders |
Adhemar of Le Puy- The Pope's legate Godfrey of Bouillon - Religious, unpretentious, one of the greatest knights (Went to protect pilgrims - CHIVALRY - duty) Baldwin - Scholar, womanizer, and idolises his brother Godfrey, clever (Went to be religious) Raymond of Toulouse - Oldest crusader, charming, womaniser. Bohemond of Sicily - Ambitious, short temper, cruel, courageous, sceptical (Loved to fight, best defence of Sicily was offence against muslims) |
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Byzantium (Byzantine Empire (BE)) |
Orthodox christianity - separated from Catholicism - both excommunicated each other Alexius II asks Pope Urban II for help to defend against the Seljuk Turks (Turks taking loads of BE land since the battle of Manzikert 1071) Offers great wealth to crusaders and asks for skilled fighters |
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Crusade of the Poor in Europe |
Lead by Little Peter the hermit The crusade has the 'weapon of prayer' Basically a peasant crusade with no weapons or horses Before they leave (1096) they commit the first holocaust against Jews in Europe (some historians say 10000 dead) |
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Crusade of the Poor in Byzantium |
Before arriving at Constantinople, they pillage Belgrade (BE town) after a few advance men were killed. Counter attack means 15,000 crusaders are lost Arrive in Constantinople in 1/8/1096 with 1/4 enslaved or dead. COTP is out of control and are quickly moved on by Alexios and they enter Anatolia on 6/8/96. |
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Crusade of the Poor in Anatolia |
They raid around Nicea and take the castle of Xerigordon (Arslan's, turk leader, capital region) He quickly surrounds the castle and the crusaders surrender after 8 days and are forced to convert to Islam or die. Arslan then send message to the other peasant crusaders that Nicea has been taken and Franks have stolen all the loot and ambushes them on their way to claim loot. - Only 3000 escape death or slavery |
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The real First Crusade begins |
Upon arriving in Constantinople, they all pledge allegiance to Alexios, with Bohemond receiving a hefty payment due to his unpredictability. 150,000 crusaders now leave for Jerusalem |
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The Siege of Nicea |
The first battle Begins in May 1097 Arslan away fighting Prince Danishmend Crusaders cannot break through or starve out the city Eventually Alexios arrives and the city surrenders after alexios sets up a blockade |
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Dorylaeum |
Crusaders march towards Antioch -Arslan and Danishmend hatch an ambush at the city of Dorylaeum. -Surprise attack on Bohemond's camp (Armies split up at Nicea, a day behind each other) -Bohemond's army don't break formation over the 8 hour battle and Godfrey's army arrives to help. -360,000 turks v 30,000 christians - Turks cannot penetrate defenses |
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Anatolia |
After Dorylaeum, on the march to Antioch -Disease, starvation and thirst kill most with high temperatures and a 500 mile march. -Baldwin leaves after his wife's death and takes the city of Edessa (his wife was rich and her death lost him his income so he wanted new land). -Edessa is a christian city. |
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Besieging Antioch |
The most fortified Byzantium city, now held by the Turks. Commander is Yaghi-Suyan They cannot break through the walls and are in a worse state than the besieged. Suyan messages the nearby Turks for help and the crusaders receive word a turk army is on the way. Bohemond has spies within Antioch, one being Firouz, in charge of a section of the wall. He lets 60 crusaders through his section of the wall and they open the gates and slaughter every turk. |
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Antioch Besieged |
The large Turk army arrive the day after Antioch is taken. The Crusaders are trapped and are waiting for Alexios as they are hopeless without his help. Peter, a peasant, then supposedly has a vision the holy lance is buried in the Antioch cathedral. After a day of digging he finds it and the crusaders are then revitalised. |
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Antioch Battle |
The crusaders march out after finding the holy lance, supposedly with an army of ghosts sent from God to help. They have no chance until the emirs supporting the Turk army retreat to avoid strengthening their turk rivals. The siege lasted 8 and a half months. Famine and plague now spreads and there are accounts of cannibalism, and other atrocities. |
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Reaching Jerusalem |
The Fatimids who are friendly with the Christians have already retaken Jerusalem but the Crusaders don't want to stop now. They arrive at Jerusalem in June, 1099. The Fatimids have already stripped the surrounding area of wood, poisoned the wells and stockpiled to stop the crusaders from getting in when they do arrive. |
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Besieging Jerusalem |
Tancred (Bohemond's nephew) finds a stockpile of wood hidden, not long after the first disastrous attack, which is quickly followed by the arrival of much needed supplies by boat. On July 14 the final siege begins using Siege engines, the crusaders finally break through from 2 sides of Jerusalem and proceed to slaughter 70,000 jews, moslems and turks and ransack the whole of Jerusalem. |
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Battle timeline |
May 1097 - Nicea July 1097 - Dorylaeum Oct 1097 - Antioch July 1099 - Jerusalem |
