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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Background |
People shocked by loss of Jerusalem to Saladin.
Pope Gregory VIII issued Audita Tremendi in Oct. 1187 - called for a third crusade and detailed horrors committed by muslims. |
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Crusade leaders |
Richard the Lionheart - taxed and fined non-combatants (Saladin's tithe)- 100 ships, 17,000 troops Philip II - 3500 men, rivalry with Richard Frederick Barbarossa - Most powerful out of all 3, lead a huge army (100,000) and died of a heart attack in a river around Anatolia.
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Journey to the Holy land |
Fredrick marched overland from Regensburg in 1189 and were guided by Byzantium, they took the Seljuk capital city but Fredrick drowned in 1190 and most of Fredricks army retreated or died of the Black Plague in Acre. Philip and Richard marched from Vezelay in 1890 to Sicily where they raised funds and sailed towards the Holy lands. Richard invaded Cyprus to rescue his shipwrecked princess and sister.
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Victory at Acre |
Acre attacked by King Guy (Released by Saladin - broke his promise to return to France) in 1189. Stalemate for 2 years but in 1191 Richard and Philip arrived, became ill ,but took Acre in July 1191 after bombarding the Cursed Tower until the Muslims surrendered. It was agreed Guy would become King but Conrad (rival) would be his heir. Philip decided to return home due to his health and antagonism with Richard. Due to Saladin not honouring the surrender terms, Richard slaughtered all 2700 (non-important) muslim prisoners. |
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March to Jaffa |
Jerusalem's Port Jaffa was a potential springboard to take Jerusalem. Constant attacks from Saladin on the march in formation. Richard's march tactics were vital to survival. Battle of Arsuf - 25m outside Jaffa 30,000 muslims versus the crusaders to protect Saladin's power. Richard seen as a hero but Ambroise's account may not be accurate (As stated by Asbridge) More likely he reacted to events and had to charge as his men did first - Crusader victory. |
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Jaffa |
Jaffa destroyed by Saladin but Richard rebuilds it and begins negotiations with the weaker Saladin. Richard terms are those at Acre, 200,000 & the Holy cross except along with all the Disputed lands (Jerusalem + W of the Jordan) No agreement is made and Ascalon is pulled down by Saladin to prevent Crusaders from taking it.
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First attempt to take Jerusalem |
They set off from Jaffa in Oct. 1191 and rebuild Crusader forts along the way but are repeatedly attacked by Saladin. They reached Beit Nuba, 12m from Jerusalem, in December and they realised that they could not hold the city if it was taken so they withdrew (shattering morale) |
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Pressures on Richard |
Richard retreats to and begins rebuilding Ascalon but Conrad and remaining French forces refuse to help. Conrad is conspiring against Richard. King Philip is threatening Richards' French lands Richard's younger brother is threatening rebellion in England. Richard finally supports Conrad and gives Guy Cyprus. Assassins kill Conrad - Richard blamed for the hit. |
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Second Attempt on Jerusalem |
31st may 1192 - Crusaders set off to Jerusalem Saladin fears Jerusalem will fall and prepares to retreat. Crusader victory seemed inevitable. On 3rd of July - crusaders retreated as the majority of leaders argued that the vulnerable supply line , lack of water and strong defences at Jerusalem made victory unlikely. The Third Crusade had collapsed. |
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Battle of Jaffa |
Saladin finally made an offensive move at the end of July 1192. He attacked Jaffa and took the town, with the walls falling within 4 days and the Crusader Garrison trapped in the Citadel. King Richard rushed from Acre when he heard and surprise attacked with an army heavily outnumbered. He won. He became ill shortly after though. |
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Truce |
Treaty of Jaffa signed on Sept. 2 1192. 3 year truce. Saladin retained Jerusalem Ascalon once again destroyed Crusaders retain Acre and Jaffa along with the coast in-between. Christian pilgrims allowed into Jerusalem |
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Timeline |
Oct. 1187 - 3rd Crusade called 1189 - Fredrick leaves Europe 1190 - Philip&Richard leave Europe -Fredrick dies 1191 - Cyprus Captured June 1191 - Acre taken, Philip returns to Europe September 1191 - Richard wins Battle of Arsuf January 1192 - First march on Jerusalem fails May 1192 - Second march on Jerusalem fails August 1192 - Richard takes Jaffa back September 1192 - 3 year truce signed |
