Final Pharmacology - Ophthalmology & Other Drugs

Front 1

In what order would you give drops or ointments?

Back 1

Drops before ointments.

Front 2

What should you never do with the dropper or tube of ointment?

Back 2

Never touch the eye.

Front 3

How often is treatment from droppers or ointments?

Back 3

Normally every 4 to 6 hours.

Front 4

What type of drug is used to dilate the pupils?

Back 4

Mydriatics

Front 5

What type of drug is used to paralyze the accommodative muscle of the ciliary body?

Back 5

Cycloplegics

Front 6

Epinephrine will cause?

Back 6

Produces mydriasis (dilate pupils) and reduces IOP.

Front 7

Tropicamide will cause?

Back 7

Produces mydriatic and a little cycloplegia.

Front 8

Atropine sulfate causes?

Back 8

Produces mydriasis and cycloplegia.

Front 9

What is a Miotic?

Back 9

An agent that causes miosis (contraction of the pupil).

Miosis is excessive smallness or contraction of the pupil of the eye.

Front 10

What is used to treat open-angle glaucoma?

Back 10

Miotics are used.

Drugs:
Pilocarpine
Carbachol

Front 11

What does IOP stand for?

Back 11

Inter-Ocular Pressure

Front 12

What are the three drugs used to reduce IOP (Inter-Ocular Pressure)?

Back 12

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Timolol maleate (cosopt)
Mannitol and Glycerol

Front 13

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce IOP. What does it do exactly and list some drug names.

Back 13

Reduces production of aqueous humor.

dorzolamide (Trusopt)
dichlorphenamide (Daranide)

Front 14

Timolol maleate (cosopt) reduces IOP. What does it do exactly and list some drug names.

Back 14

It's a beta blocker
Reduces production of aqueous humor.

It is it's own name:
Timolol maleate (cosopt)

Front 15

Mannitol and glycerol reduce IOP. What does it do exactly?

Back 15

Is an Osmotic diuretic.
IV administration to reduce IOP in emergency.

Front 16

What anesthetics are used to numb the eye?

Back 16

Proparcaine hydrochloride
Tetracaine
Lidocaine (Nerve blocker)

Front 17

How do you find scratches?

Back 17

Stain the eye with Fluorescein.

Front 18

What are some drugs used for Antiviral (usually feline herpes)?

Back 18

Idoxuridine
Trifluridine
Vidarabine

Front 19

What drug is used for Antifungal eye issues?

Back 19

Natamycin

Front 20

What drugs are used for Antibacterial eye issues?

Back 20

Bacitracin
Neomycin
Polmyxin B
Gentamicin
Oxytetracycline

Front 21

NSAIDs are an Antiinflammatory agent and are used to treat?

Back 21

Uveitis

Drugs:
Fluriprofen
Diclofenac sodium
Ketorolac tromethamine

Front 22

Corticosteroids are an antiinflammatory agent and used to treat what eye issues?

Back 22

Treat:
Cornea, iris, conjunctiva, sclera, and anterior uvea.

Drugs:
Prednisolone acetate
Neo-Predef

Warning: Don't use with corneal ulcer.

Front 23

What does KCS stand for?

Back 23

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca! (Dry Eye)

Front 24

What drugs are used to treat KCS (dry eye)?

Back 24

Cyclosporine - Increase tear production.

Artificial tears

Front 25

What are some diseases and disorders of the ear?

Back 25

Yeast infections
Bacterial infections
Foxtails
Ear Mites

Front 26

What are the four main drugs used in ear medications and their trade names?

Back 26

Gentamicin Sulfate
Drug: Otomax

Chloramphenicol
Drug: Liquichlor

Neomycin sulfate
Drug: Tresaderm

Enrofloxin?
Drug: Baytril otic?

Front 27

What are some ear treatment suggestions?

Back 27

Clean ear prior to administering antibiotics.

When eardrum is ruptured do not use oil based or irritating external ear preparations.

Tris-EDTA is approved ear cleaner for ruptured ear drums.

Front 28

What are the three drugs used to treat ear mites and ticks?

Back 28

Pyrethrins
Drugs: Mita-Clear, Tresaderm

Rotenone
Drugs: Ear miticide

Ivermectin (Usually given SQ)

Front 29

What are the three types of pain?

Back 29

1. Superficial pain
2. Deep pain
3. Visceral pain

Front 30

How do I know if the animal is in pain?

Back 30

Salivation
Increased heart rate
Limping
Panting
Haunched appearance
Rolling

Front 31

What are substances that cause inflammation?

Back 31

Prostaglandins
Histamine
Cytokines

Drugs target the above to reduce these substances and other target the central nervous system to dull perceived pain.

Front 32

What are three Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?

Back 32

Carprofen (Rimadyl)
Meloxicam (Metacam)
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)

Front 33

What does NSAID stand for?

Back 33

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Front 34

What is an anti-inflammatory Corticosteroid drug?

Back 34

Dexamethasone

Front 35

What are three Opioid Analgesics?

Back 35

Opioid Agonists - (Severe Pain)
Drugs: Morphine, Oxymorphine, Meperidine, Codeine, Fentanyl transdermal

Opioid Agonists-Antagonists (Moderate Pain)
Drugs: Butorphanol, Pentazocine, Nalbuphine

Opiod Partial Agonists (Mild Pain)
Drug: Buprenorphine

Front 36

What are some side effects of opiates?

Back 36

Respiratory depression
Sedation
Excitement
Addiction
Ataxia
Salivation
Vomiting

Front 37

What does Fomepizole do?

Back 37

Helps metabolize ethylene glycol (antifreeze).

Front 38

What does Acetylcysteine do?

Back 38

Allows cats and dogs to metabolize acetaminophen after an overdose.

Front 39

What are H1 and H2?

Back 39

Two types of histamine!

H1 - Allergies
H2 - Helps with production of HCL by cells in the stomach.