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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What pigment is found in rods?
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Rhodopsin
Rods mediate light perception |
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What pigment is found in cones?
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Iodopsin
Cones mediate color perception |
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What muscles open the eyelid?
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Levator palpebrae (CN III)
Muller's muscle (sympathetics) |
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What muscles close the eyelid?
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Orbicularis oculi (CN VII)
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What is the function of the lateral rectus?
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Abduction
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What is the function of the medial rectus?
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Adduction
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What is the function of the superior rectus?
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Elevation when abducted (out).
Intorsion when adducted (in). |
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What is the function of the inferior rectus?
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Depression when abducted (out).
Extorsion when adducted (in). |
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What is the function of the superior oblique?
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Depression when adducted (in).
Intorsion when abducted (out). |
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What is the function of the inferior oblique?
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Elevation when adducted (in).
Extorsion when abducted (out). |
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What is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve?
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1. Superior rectus
2. Levator palpebrae |
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What is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve?
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1. Medial rectus
2. Inferior rectus 3. Inferior oblique |
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What is innervated by the trochlear nerve?
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Superior oblique
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What is innervated by the abducens nerve?
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Lateral rectus
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What are the subnuclei of the the oculomotor nucleus?
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1. Dorsal --> inferior rectus
2. Intermediate --> inferior oblique 3. Ventral --> medial rectus 4. Medial --> superior rectus (contralateral) 5. Edinger-Westphal --> parasympathetics (bilateral) 6. Central caudal --> levator palpebrae (bilateral) |
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How do you remember compensatory head movements for ophthalomoparesis?
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Head moves in the direction of action normally served by the affected muscle.
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Which is the "false image" in diplopia?
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The image farther toward the direction of gaze is seen by the abnormal eye (ie the outer image).
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How can you differentiate anisocoria from Horner's syndrome vs. CNIII lesions?
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In dark room room, sympathetic lesions (Horner's) are worse.
In ambient light, oculomotor lesions are worse. |
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What is the course of the sympathetic pathway in pupillary dilation?
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1st order: Hypothalamus --> lateral brainstem and spinal cord
2nd order: T1,2 roots --> sympathetic chain 3rd order: superior cerv ganglion --> carotid plexus --> pupillary dilator muscle |
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What are pharmacologic causes of miosis?
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Cholinergics (pilocarpine, physostigmine, organophosphates)
Opiates, barbiturates |
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What are pharmacologic causes of mydriasis?
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Anticholinergics (atropine, scopolamine, atrovent nebs)
Adrenergics (epinephrine, cocaine, albuterol nebs) |
