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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is DNA to RNA? |
Transcription |
Starts with a T |
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What is RNA to protein? |
Translation |
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What is RNA? |
The link between DNA and proteins |
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DNA is not used directly to what? |
Generate proteins |
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How does an organisms genotype determine its phenotype? |
Genotype= an organisms genetic makeup Phenotype= an organisms physical traits -a phenotype arises from one or a variety of different proteins |
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What is the connection between an organisms genotype and the proteins that are made? |
DNA holds the "code" for making proteins, but the DNA doesn't build the protein directly |
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How does DNA pass it's instructions? |
Along to ribosomes (protein makers) in the form of RNA. |
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What is transcription? |
The transfer of genetic I formation from DNA to RNA |
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What is translation? |
Using the genetic info in the form of RNA to make proteins |
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Where does a DNA strand seperate? |
Where transcription needs to happen |
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An RNA molecule is transcribed from a DNA template by a process that resembles what? |
DNA replication |
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What does 1 DNA strand do? |
Serve as a template for the newly forming RNA molecule |
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Where will transcription occur? |
Everywhere we have a gene in our DNA |
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What is difference of RNA and DNA? |
1. Single strand 2. Sugar used is ribose 3. Uracil used in place of thymine |
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What is the main protein used to build rna? |
RNA polymerase |
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What is a codon? |
DNA information in blocks that are 3 bases long -specifies an amino acid -61 combinations for amino acid -3 codons are stop signals |
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What does deletion of nucleotides do? |
Result in a change in amino acids in the protein |
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What's a reading frame? |
Codons read continously, one after another |
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What biologists cracked the genetic code in 1960's |
Nirenberg and Khorana constructed artificial mRNA molecules with known base sequences |
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What is degenerate? |
When some amino acids are coded by more than one codon -there are more codons than amino acid |
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What is the gene expression for transcription? |
Synthesis of RNA molecules complementary to the DNA |
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What is the gene expression for translation? |
Rna becomes a coded template to direct protein synthesis |
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mRNA? |
Messenger, template for making a protein |
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tRNA? |
Transfer; brings amino acids to the ribosome for translation |
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What is enzyme for RNA polymerase? |
Rna synthesis |
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What is enzyme for DNA polymerase |
DNA replication |
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What are the 3 steps for transcription? |
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Teemination |
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What is initiation? |
Rna polymerase cofactors required for RNA synthesis assemble on the DNA template -occurs at the promoter |
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What is elongation? |
RNA nucleotides are joined to make RNA molecules |
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What is termination |
Transcription is complete and the synthesis complex displaces from the DNA template |
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What is the tataat promoter? |
Tat box tell rna polymerase when to bind right before gene |
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What is elongation |
Joining of RNA nucleotides -DNA opens up and starts building RNA one nucleotide at a time |
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Teemination process |
End of transcription, when RNA polymerase reaches terminator and stops building RNA and leave so RNA molecule starts coiling back up |
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How many modifications have to occur before eukaryotic transcripts can travel to the ribosome? Their names? |
2. Cap an tail. And splicing |
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What is cap and tail? |
It's added by the RNA polymerase before gene starts. It helps keep it from being destroyed by the nucleoulous |
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What is splicing? |
Removing introns of RNA Is the 2nd modification of transcription |
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Why do we splice? |
Because eons are needed for genetic code |
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What does splicing result in? |
Mature messenger RNA |
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Why is the spliceosome the splicing protein complex? |
They're a bunch of proteins that work together to remove introns from RNA |
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mRNA translation:the players |
Is essential for translation to occur Translate mRNA into protein(ribosomes and tRNA) requires enzymes and chemical energy (like ATP) |
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tRNA translation for the players |
The tRNA INTERPRETS THE mRNA message and tells the ribosome which amino acid or nucleotide to add to the building protein |
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What is the genetic code? |
How to read RNA and build protein |
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What is the anticodon loop? |
Can read RNA message |
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What is the acceptor end? |
Will carry amino acid (building block for protein) |
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Every 3 nucleotides code for a different amino acid called what? |
Codon |
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