Final Exam

Front 1

AMDR for Carbs

Back 1

45-65%

Front 2

Blood leving the digestive system goes to what organ

Back 2

The Liver

Front 3

Animal polysaccharide composed of Glucose Units

Back 3

Glycogen

Front 4

Where is Glycogen stored

Back 4

Muscle and Liver

Front 5

What is the principle Carbohydrate of Milk

Back 5

Lactose

Front 6

Atoms found in Glucose Molecule

Back 6

carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Front 7

Example of a monosacchardie

Back 7

Galactose

Front 8

Disaccharide example

Back 8

Sucrose

Front 9

Result from regular ingestion of sugar

Back 9

Tooth Decay

Front 10

Primary organ that converts fructose to Glucose after absorption

Back 10

Liver

Front 11

Where are carbs absorbed

Back 11

Small intestine

Front 12

Insulin is created and released by what organ

Back 12

Pancreas

Front 13

What does Insulin do

Back 13

Helps to lower blood glucose levels

Front 14

Fiber rich meal will do what

Back 14

slow the rise in blood glucose

Front 15

Fatty acids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to what

Back 15

Double Bonds

Front 16

3 features of Bile acids

Back 16

Stored in gallbladder

made from cholesterol

released into the intestine when fat is present

Front 17

Cholesterol

Back 17

Made by the body, in the liver

Front 18

HDL levels are increased with

Back 18

unsaturated fats and increase in physical activity

Front 19

Food group that contains a lot of saturated fat

Back 19

Meat food group

Front 20

Characteristics shared by Olive oil and Canola Oil

Back 20

Both Contain high levels of Monosaturated Fatty Acids

Front 21

Two essential fatty acids

Back 21

Linoleic and Alpha Linolenic Acid

Front 22

Partially hydrogenated oil changes from

Back 22

Cis to Trans

Front 23

AMDR for Protein

Back 23

10-35%

Front 24

What differentiates one Amino from another

Back 24

The Side group

Front 25

What is meant by the Amino Acid Sequence of a protein

Back 25

Order of appearance of Amino acids in the peptid chain

Front 26

Feature of a Essential Amino Acid

Back 26

Must be supplied by the diet

Front 27

Complete Protein

Back 27

Contains all 9 essential amino acids

Front 28

Preferred functions of protein in the human body

Back 28

Maintain fluid balance,

growth and maintence of new tissue

synthesis of many hormones

Front 29

What is Denaturation

Back 29

The process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of the protein Chain.

Front 30

Which proteins are needed for the immune system

Back 30

Antibodies

Front 31

What is Protein Complementation

Back 31

The process of combining 2 incomplete proteins to make a complete protein.

Front 32

Protein absorption occurs where?

Back 32

Small intestine

Front 33

Kwashiorkor

Back 33

Results from a low protein diet

Front 34

Metabolism

Back 34

The biochemical reaction in the cells of the body

Front 35

Preferred fuel for the body

Back 35

Carbs and Fat

Front 36

PKU

Back 36

A genetic disease and an inability to metabolize phenylanine

Front 37

Food Group that has the poorest source of Vitamin D

Back 37

Grains

Front 38

Poor sources of Vitamin B

Back 38

Fruits

Front 39

Poor sources of Folate

Back 39

Milk

Front 40

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Back 40

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Front 41

Vitamin C Deficiency

Back 41

Reduced Collagen Synthesis

Front 42

Protein, Bonds and Strength

Back 42

Callagen is a Protein. Vitamin C is necessary to form Bonds that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give protein strength.

Front 43

Why is Vitamin E needed in Red Blood Cells

Back 43

Oxygen Concentrations in these cells are high

Front 44

Rickets

Back 44

Vitamin D deficiency in children

Front 45

Vitamin D is required for what

Back 45

Maintain normal blood calcium and Phosphorus

Front 46

Cells that are Vitamin A deficient

Back 46

Keratin

Front 47

Cell differentiation

Back 47

The process where immature cells change in structure to become specialized

Front 48

Deficient in Vitamin K can cause what

Back 48

Bleed to death, it causes abnormal blood coagulation

Front 49

Which Vitamin is important for amino acid synthesis and protein metabolism

Back 49

B6

Front 50

multivitamin recommended for

Back 50

diet of less then 1200 calories a day

Front 51

The best way to ensure you meet all your nutrient needs

Back 51

Eat a variety of foods

Front 52

Older adults need which supplements

Back 52

Vitamin B12, D and Calcium

Front 53

Dietary supplements are more or less strict compared to drugs

Back 53

Less Strict

Front 54

Vegetable oils are good sources of what vitamin

Back 54

Vitamin E

Front 55

Vitamin K is found where?

Back 55

Meat, beans and Vegetables

Front 56

Vitamin C Defcient causes what

Back 56

Scurvy

Front 57

What Vitamin prevents folate from being converted to its active form

Back 57

Vitamin B12

Front 58

Excessive Vitamin C can cause what

Back 58

Diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting

Front 59

Who needs more Vitamin C

Back 59

Smokers

Front 60

What can decrease the effectiveness of some medications

Back 60

Herbs

Front 61

When is water drawn into capillaries?

What is this called

Back 61

When intracellular concentrations of protein and sodium are high.

Solutes

Front 62

Water in the body is moved by what?

Back 62

Blood Pressure

Front 63

When blood pressure is __________the pressure created by osmosis, water is drawn back into the capillaries replacing fluids and electrolytes

Back 63

Lower than

Front 64

What is Osmosis

Back 64

The diffusion of water in a direction that equalizes

Front 65

WDoes Water regulate Blood Glucose

Back 65

No

Front 66

Core Temputure

Back 66

Regulates body processes such as skin becoming red when it's hot

Front 67

Reabsorption

Back 67

The amount of substance that is absorbed back into the blood after being filtered

Front 68

High ADH levels

Back 68

More water is excreted in the urine

Front 69

Major Minerals

Back 69

Needed in the diet in amounts greater then 100 milligrams a day

Front 70

Absorption rate of Plant foods compared to animal foods

Back 70

It is lower in Plant foods

Front 71

What decreases the absorption of many minerals

Back 71

Phytic Acid, Tannins and Oxalates

Front 72

Which minerals help regulate fluid balance

Back 72

Sodium, Potassium and choride

Not Magnesium

Front 73

Which Minerals aid in transmission of nerve impulses and provide optimal muscle concentration

Back 73

Calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride

Front 74

hypertension caused by

Back 74

High salt diet

Front 75

Healthy Blood Pressure

Back 75

120/80

Front 76

How many years does a postmenapausal woman have bone loss

Back 76

5 years

Front 77

What happens to the parathyroid Hormone when blood calciums levels are low

Back 77

Increases

Front 78

What 2 minerals have a role in blood pressure regulation

Back 78

Calcium and Magnesium

Front 79

What mineral stabilizes ATP's Structure

Back 79

Magnesium

Front 80

Iron Deficiency Anemia sequence

Back 80

Decrease in stored iron, low blood plasma iron

low hemoglobin concentration

Front 81

Protein Molecule that transports Oxygen to the body cells

Back 81

Hemoglobin

Front 82

What causes a goiter

Back 82

Iodine deficency

Front 83

What happens when chromium is deficient

Back 83

More insulin is required to produce the same effect on blood sugar

Front 84

Where is the majority of water stored in the body

Back 84

Intracellular

Front 85

When does dehydration occur

Back 85

When water loss exceeds Water intake

Front 86

The Obesity Rate for Minorities Vs General population

Back 86

Minorities have a greater Obesity rate

Front 87

Having Excess body fat increases a persons risk of developing what 3 things

Back 87

Heart disease, Gallbladder diease and Arthritus

Front 88

A BMI of 26.5 is considered what?

Back 88

Overweight

Front 89

Energy Expenditure greater than energy intake

Back 89

Weighloss

Front 90

Majority of Energy Expenditure is from

Back 90

Basal Metabolism

Front 91

Majority of BMI variation is from

Back 91

Genes

Front 92

What cells produce leptin

Back 92

Adipocytes

Front 93

How many minutes of exercise to loose or maintain weight

Back 93

60 min a day

Front 94

Most common eating disorder

Back 94

Binge Eating

Front 95

BMI of 38KG is what

Back 95

Obese

Front 96

What is Diet Induced Thermogentic

Back 96

The energy used to digest food and absorb and metabolize nutrients

Front 97

What are the two body systems strengthen by aerobic exercise

Back 97

Cardiovascular and Respiratory (Heart and Lungs)

Front 98

What is the process of Hypertrophy

Back 98

Stressing the muscles, causing them to adapt by increasing in size and strength

Front 99

Overload Principle

Back 99

Increasing the intensity as you get better

Front 100

How many minutes of exercise to reduce risk of Chronic disease

Back 100

30 Min

Front 101

Exercise recommendations to maintain healthy weight are greater than or less than reducing risk of chronic disease

Back 101

Greater Than

Front 102

What happens to Maximum Heart rate with age

Back 102

It decreases

Front 103

The amount of ATP produced by ana and aerobic metabolism depends on what?

Back 103

The availability of oxygen

Front 104

What does increasing the amount of red blood cells do

Back 104

It allows oxygen to be transported to the tissues

Front 105

What increases the cellular ability to burn fatty acids

Back 105

Aerobic Training

Front 106

Do athletes need a multivitamin or supplement to meet vitamin and mineral needs

Back 106

No

Front 107

Foot Strike Hemolysis

Back 107

Does not cause Anemia in runners

Front 108

What percentage should maximum heart rate be during exercise

Back 108

60-85%

Front 109

What is a result of regular exercise

Back 109

Reduced Blood Pressure

Front 110

What fuel has been depleted when an athlete hits the wall

Back 110

Glycogen

Front 111

What is the female athlete triad

Back 111

Low body fat

eating disorder

reduced bone density

Front 112

Hyponatremia in marathon runners is from

Back 112

Drinking too much water and diluting the sodium

Front 113

How does a fetus get nurished

Back 113

Transfer of nutrients from the placenta

Front 114

Which Trimester is morning sickness in

Back 114

1st trimester

Front 115

Pre eclampsia poses a danger to who

Back 115

Baby and mother

Front 116

Teratogens do the most damage when?

Back 116

In the embryonic Stage

Front 117

Pregnant women should stay away from

Back 117

Fish

Front 118

Pregnant teens are not at risk of developing what

Back 118

Gestational Diabetes

Front 119

How many calories a day are required from the mother each day

Back 119

500 calories

Front 120

Hormones present in breast milk make the baby grow larger quicker then formula

Back 120

False

Front 121

Which vitamin was added in 1998

Back 121

Folate

Front 122

What is the first milk produced by the breast called

Back 122

Colostrum

Front 123

Which nutrient is needed for the majority of an infats diet

Back 123

Fats

Front 124

When are infants ready for solid food

Back 124

6months

Front 125

Energy and protein needs of children increase or decrease with age

Back 125

decrease

Front 126

AMDR for children vs Adults

Back 126

Carbs is the same, Fat and protein higher

Front 127

What age do boys and girls nutrient needs change

Back 127

Age 9

Front 128

What are the complications of childhood obesity

Back 128

Depression, bad cholesterol, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes

Front 129

What is the percentage of Obese children

Back 129

17%

Front 130

What causes dental Caries or tooth decay

Back 130

A diet high in sugary foods, and prolonged contact between sugar and bacteria from sipping on juice

Front 131

What causes hyperactivity

Back 131

Caffeine, overstimulation, need for attention and lack of sleep and physical activity

Front 132

What is a concern of low calcium intake in adolescents

Back 132

Reduced level of Peak Bone Mass, developing osteaposis

Front 133

Difference in Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy

Back 133

Last years of life restricted by disease and disability

Front 134

Water intake as we age

Back 134

It's the same but harder to obtain as we grow older

Front 135

What cause Malnutrition in older people

Back 135

Medicines, Physical changes, disease, economic and psychological and Social circumstances

Front 136

How does food effect alcohol absorption

Back 136

Food slows down the absorption of alcohol

Front 137

HACCP

Back 137

Hazard analysis Critical control Point-A food safety system that focus on identifying and preventing hazards that cause food borne illness

Front 138

Major cause of food borne illness

Back 138

Caused by food contaminated with Pathogens such as bacteria, virus, molds

Front 139

What is Food Irradition

Back 139

Also known as Cold Pateurization, using radiation to kill contaminents

Front 140

What is the purpose of Golden rice

Back 140

To increase Vitamin A intake

Front 141

Childhood Stunting

Back 141

Produces smaller adults who have reduced work capacity.

Front 142

Causes of Food insecurity

Back 142

Poverty

Front 143

Nutrition transition

Back 143

A series of changes in a diet, physical activity, health and nutrition that occurs as poor contries become more prosperous

Front 144

What mineral is deficient in China, New Zealand and Russian federation

Back 144

Selenium

Front 145

Age limit for WIC

Back 145

5 years

Front 146

What is an Ezyme

Back 146

Protein Molecule that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 147

The transport of Nutrients across the cell membrane with a carrier Molecule is called what?

Back 147

Active Transpot

Front 148

The process of taking substances from the GI Tract into the interior of the body is called?

Back 148

Absorption

Front 149

AMDR for Carbs

Back 149

45-65%

Front 150

AMDR for Fat

Back 150

20-35%

Front 151

What is the study of how Diet effects our genes

Back 151

Nutrigenomics

Front 152

What is DRI Dietary Reference Intake

Back 152

Recommendations for calories, nutrients and other food components consumed to stay healthy

Front 153

Clumps of Sold material that accumulate in the gallbladder

Back 153

Gallstones

Front 154

Dietary Guidelines

Back 154

Diet and lifestyle recommendations to promote health

Front 155

Maximum Daily intake levels of a certain nutrient

Back 155

Tolerable intakes

Front 156

The process which food is broken down into smaller components to be absorbed

Back 156

Digestion

Front 157

The order of Atoms to Organs

Back 157

Atoms to Molecules to Cells to tissues to organs

Front 158

What is the smallest for of life

Back 158

Atom

Front 159

How do starches and sugars enter the blood

system

Back 159

Through the pancreatic Amylase Enzyme

Front 160

What are Peyers Patches

Back 160

Small masses of lymphatic tissue on the small intestine that prevents the growth of bacteria

Front 161

AMDR for Protein

Back 161

10-35%

Front 162

What is the Scientific Method

Back 162

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory

Front 163

The measure of Nutrients provided by food

Back 163

Nutrient density

Front 164

What is a peptic ulcer

Back 164

An open sore on the upper small intestine, stomach linning or esophagus or

Front 165

What is the percentage of blood directed to the skeletal muscles when exercising

Back 165

70%

Front 166

Where does the majority of absorption happen

Back 166

In the liver

Front 167

How are ingredients listed on a food package

Back 167

Ingredients presented in prominence of their weight, highest qty goes first

Front 168

What cells produce Leptin

Back 168

Adopocytes

Front 169

Protein present in a food, seen by the body as a foreign substance causes what

Back 169

Food Allergies

Front 170

BMI of 28KG

Back 170

Overweight

Front 171

What is the nutrient intake above or below

optimal called

Back 171

Malnutrition

Front 172

Using gender, age, weight, height and activity level to formulate the average energy intake values predicted to maintain body weight is called

(Myfitnesspal)

Back 172

Estimated Energy Requirements

Front 173

What is used to translate nutrient intake

recommendations into food choices

Back 173

Food Guides

Front 174

What is a nutrient that must be consumed

Back 174

Essential Nutrient

Front 175

What is the unit of measure that calculates the amount of energy provided by food

Back 175

Calorie

Front 176

What is fortification

Back 176

The process of adding nutrients to food

Front 177

What are the substances in plant based foods called

Back 177

Phytochemicals

Front 178

What are empty calories called

Back 178

Discretionary Calories

Front 179

The base that neutralizes the acid in the Chymen (small intestine)

Back 179

Bicarbonate

Front 180

Carbs, fats, protein, water and alcohol are what

Back 180

Macronutrients

Front 181

Vitamins and minerals are

Back 181

Micronutrients

Front 182

These functions are needed for Forming and maintain the body's structure,

Regulate Body Processes such as body temps, blood pressure and blood sugar

Back 182

Nutrient Functions